高寒沼泽湿地退化过程中土壤腐殖质变化特征的研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Soil Humus Change during the Degradation Process of Alpine Marshland

作　　者：林春英 李希来[2] 张静[2] 孙海松[2] 孙华方[2] 马程彪 李成一 LIN Chun-ying;LI Xi-lai;ZHANG Jing;SUN Hai-song;SUN Hua-fang;MA Chen-biao;LI Cheng-yi(Qinghai Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;Qinghai Province geographic situation monitoring Institute, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China)

机构地区：[1]青海省气象灾害防御技术中心,青海西宁81000 [2]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省地理国情监测院,青海西宁81000

出　　处：《草地学报》2022年第5期1027-1036,共10页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：“三江源国家公园”联合研究专项项目(LHZX-2020-08);青海省科技厅项目(2017-ZJ-799);国家自然基金(U21A20191,41565008);高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18013);青海省科技创新创业团队项目“三江源生态演变与管理创新团队”资助。

摘　　要：本试验选择黄河源区果洛州玛沁县大武滩不同退化高寒沼泽湿地为研究对象,分层采集冻融丘和丘间土壤样品,分析退化过程中土壤腐殖质变化以及相关的环境因子。结果表明:冻融丘和丘间土壤腐殖质随着退化程度的加剧而下降,冻融丘腐殖质碳、胡敏素和胡敏酸未退化与轻度退化、重度退化差异显著(P<0.05),对退化较丘间敏感;冻融丘和丘间的腐殖质碳、胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素含量与土壤含水量、总氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05),冻融丘土壤腐殖质组分与容重呈显著负相关(P<0.01);冻融丘中纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)、β-1,4-木糖苷酶(BXYL)、α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(αG)、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、亮氨酸肽酶(LAP)、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和脲酶(UR)对胡敏素形成具有显著的促进作用,丘间酶活性对土壤腐殖质的形成具有显著的促进作用。综上所述,高寒沼泽湿地退化导致土壤腐殖质减少,致使碳功能的下降,土壤水分、全氮和土壤酶有利于湿地土壤腐殖质的形成,建议在高寒沼泽湿地修复中加强土壤水分和有机肥的补充。Samples of frozen-thaw patch and the area between the grass patches in different degraded alpine wetlands were taken from Maqin Dawutan in the source zone of the Yellow River.The soil humus and its relationship with soil factors in the samples were determined.The results showed that the soil humus of the frozen-thawing patch and the grass patches decreased with the intensification of the degree of degradation of the alpine marshland.There was a significant difference between the humus carbon,humin and humic acid of the frozen-thaw patch in undegraded wetland and those in the light and heavy degradations(P<0.05).It is more sensitive to the degradation than that of between patches.The contents of humus carbon,humic acid,fulvic acid and humin in the frozen-thaw patch and in the areas among the grass patches were all significantly positively correlated with soil water content and total nitrogen(P<0.05).The frozen-thaw patch had a significant negative correlation between the humus components of mound soil and soil bulk density(P<0.01).The cellobiohydrolase(CBH),β-1,4-xylosidase(BXYL),α-1,4-glucosidase(αG),β-1,4-glucosidase(BG),leucine peptidase(LAP),β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase(NAG)and urease(UR)for humin and the formation of humic acid had a significant promoting effect in the frozen-thawing patch,and the enzyme activity and microbial biomass between the grass patches had a significant promoting effect on the formation of soil humus.In summary,the degradation of alpine marshland leads to the reduction of soil humus,and the supplement of soil moisture and organic fertilizer should be strengthened in the restoration of alpine marshland in the source zone of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：高寒沼泽湿地 退化程度 土壤腐殖质 胡敏酸 富里酸 胡敏素 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]