蒙古黄芪根腐病病原鉴定及防治药剂室内筛选  

Identification and Laboratory Screening of Chemical Agents of Root Rot Pathogens of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus

作　　者：马桂花 段晓明[1,2] 徐文华 周渊涛[1] 马海霞 马伟丽[1] 祁鹤兴 MA Gui-hua;DUAN Xiao-ming;XU Wen-hua;ZHOU Yuan-dao;MA Hai-xia;MA Wei-li;QI He-xing(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;Qinghai Zhengde Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Ltd. , Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海正德农牧开发有限公司,青海西宁810016 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2022年第5期1122-1130,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：中央财政林草科技推广示范项目“大黄、黄芪等中藏药材标准化种植技术集成与推广”(019-TG-05);青海大学2020年科研启动金(4139040111)资助。

摘　　要：为鉴定青海省民和地区蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus)根腐病病原菌及筛选防治该病害的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、rDNA-ITS,TEF-1α和RPB2序列分析对蒙古黄芪根腐病病原进行鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑制作用。结果发现,引起黄芪根腐病的病原菌为腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium soani)、逗号镰刀菌(F.virguliforme)、木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)和锐顶镰刀菌(F.acuminatum)。室内药剂试验表明硅唑·咪鲜胺对4种镰刀菌的抑制作用最好,EC_(50)在0.195~0.588 mg·L^(-1)之间;多菌灵对腐皮镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌和锐顶镰刀菌的抑制作用较强,EC_(50)在0.113~0.869 mg·L^(-1)之间;咯菌腈对逗号镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌和锐顶镰刀菌的抑制作用较强,EC_(50)在0.153~0.390 mg·L^(-1)之间;甲基硫菌灵、噁霉灵、溴菌腈和石硫合剂对4种镰刀菌的抑制作用较差,EC_(50)在1.018~4.360 mg·L^(-1)之间。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治黄芪根腐病提供了科学依据。In this study,the pathogens of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus root rot collected from Minhe county,Qinghai province were identified based on morphological characteristics,rDNA-ITS,TEF-1α,and RPB2 sequences analysis.The inhibition effects of eight fungicides on the pathogens were also determined by the mycelial growth rate method for screening effective fungicide.Results showed that Fusarium soani,F.virguliforme,F.equiseti and F.acuminatum caused root rot of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus.Laboratory fungicide experiment demonstrated that silicon azole·prochloraz had a strong inhibition effect on four Fusarium species,the value of EC_(50) was 0.195~0.588 mg·L^(-1).Carbendazim had a strong inhibition effect on F.soani,F.equiseti and F.acuminatum,the value of EC_(50) was 0.113~0.869 mg·L^(-1).Fludioxonil had a strong inhibition effect on F.virguliforme,F.equiseti and F.acuminatum,the value of EC_(50) was 0.153~0.390 mg·L^(-1).The inhibition effect of thiophanate-methyl,hymexazol,bromothalonil,and lime sulphur was worse,the value of EC_(50) was 1.018~4.360 mg·L^(-1).The results provide a scientific basis for using fungicides to control root rot in A.membranaceus var.mongholicus production.

关 键 词：黄芪根腐病 镰刀菌 系统发育分析 杀菌剂筛选 

分 类 号：S435.621.24[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]