油菜绿肥利用后鲜食玉米生长及磷素利用特征  

Growth and Phosphorus Utilization Characteristics of Fresh Maize after Rape Green Manure Utilization

作　　者：周兴 李莓[1] 邓力超[1] 刘新红 郭一鸣[1] 王同华[1] 曹钟阳 曲亮[1] ZHOU Xin;LI Mei;DENG Li-chao;LIU Xin-hong;GUOYi-ming;WANG Tong-hua;CAO Zhong-yang;QU Liang(Hunan Crop Research Institute,Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省作物研究所,湖南省杂交油菜工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2022年第4期31-34,38,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2020CX33);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2020NK2045);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-12);湖南省油菜产业技术体系(2021)。

摘　　要：为了研究甘蓝型油菜绿肥专用品种油肥1号连续翻压还田对玉米生长及磷素利用的影响,采用大田定位试验方法,以不施磷肥为对照(CK),研究单施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、油菜绿肥与氮磷钾肥配施(NPKRa)、油菜绿肥与氮钾肥配施(NKRa)共4种处理对鲜食玉米产量、玉米磷养分吸收和磷肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,NPKRa处理均可显著提高鲜食玉米地上部、茎+鞘+雄穗、苞叶和籽粒生物量,分别提高8.7%、5.5%、21.6%和10.5%,而NKRa处理鲜食玉米各部位生物量基本持平;油菜绿肥提高了鲜食玉米地上部磷素积累,NPKRa、NKRa处理与NPK处理相比,鲜食玉米茎+鞘+雄穗磷素吸收量分别提高了15.1%和27.3%,籽粒分别提高了12.5%和9.7%;油菜绿肥与化肥配施不仅能优化化学磷素养分利用,还可提高磷素利用效率,NPKRa、NKRa处理与NPK处理相比,磷肥利用率分别提高了4.1%、7.7%;鲜食玉米收获后,NPKRa处理耕层(0~20 cm)土壤有效磷含量仍较NPK处理高9.9%。综上所述,油菜绿肥利用后油菜绿肥与化肥配施较单施化肥可以有效提高鲜食玉米对磷素吸收利用,进而优化玉米磷素分配,提高玉米籽粒产量。In order to know the effects of continuous turning and returning of green manure rape cultivar Youfei No.1 on maize growth and phosphorus utilization,the field positioning experiment was conducted to compare the effects of single application of NPK fertilizer(NPK),combined application of rape green manure and NPK fertilizer(NPKRa),combined application of rape green manure and NK fertilizer(NKRa)on fresh maize yield,phosphorus nutrient absorption and phosphorus utilization efficiency with no phosphorus fertilizer as control(CK).The results showed that compared with NPK treatment,NPKRa treatment could significantly increase the biomass of aboveground part,stem+sheath+tassel,bract and grain of fresh maize by 8.7%,5.5%,21.6%and 10.5%respectively,while NKRa treatment was basically the same in all parts of fresh maize;compared with NPK treatment,NPKRa and NKRa treatments increased P uptake in stem+sheath+tassel by 15.1%and 27.3%,respectively,and in grain by 12.5%and 9.7%,respectively;the combined application of rape green manure and chemical fertilizer can not only optimize the utilization of phosphorus nutrient,but also improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus.Compared with NPK treatment,the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in NPKRa and NKRa treatments increased by 4.1%and 7.7%respectively;after the harvest of fresh maize,the content of available phosphorus in the plough layer(0-20 cm)of NPKRa treatment was still 9.9%higher than that of NPK treatment.In summary,the combination of rape green manure and chemical fertilizer can effectively improve the phosphorus absorption and utilization of fresh maize,optimize the phosphorus distribution of maize,and improve the grain yield of maize compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer.

关 键 词：油菜 绿肥 磷肥利用效率 鲜食玉米 土壤有效磷 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]