合肥城市森林结构与秋季鸟类栖息的关系  

Relationship between urban forest structure and bird habitat in autumn in Hefei City

作　　者：张恒 赵德先 吕志坤 刘慧[1] 王嘉楠[1,2] ZHANG Heng;ZHAO Dexian;LÜZhikun;LIU Hui;WANG Jia’nan(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China;Urban Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学国家业和草原局合肥城市生态系统定位观测研究站,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2022年第3期571-581,共11页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：中央财政林业科技项目(皖〔2018〕TG02号);安徽省林业科技创新研究项目(AHLYCX-2019-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】为优化城市森林结构,提高城市森林斑块生态服务功能,以鸟类为指标,阐述以城市森林结构为基础的城市鸟类栖息响应机制。【方法】以安徽省合肥市为研究区域,选取21处面积在0.5~2.5 hm2的城市森林斑块为样地,采用样方法进行植物群落及结构特征调查,以固定样线和样点结合的形式在秋季观测记录选取的样地鸟类群落组成。结合ArcGIS与卫星影像图,量化城市森林树种组成、空间、基础设施、景观结构相关指标,利用相关分析、主成分分析、回归分析明确与城市鸟类丰富度、多度、Shannon指数、Pielou均匀度指标间的潜在关系。【结果】①研究记录样地植被90种,隶属51科76属;鸟类8目22科38种,占合肥市记录鸟种的10.08%,最大值保留法计1213只;城市鸟类优势种为白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis、灰喜鹊Cyanopica cyana、树麻雀Passer montanus,各斑块之间的鸟类组成有着较高的相似度,相似度均值为0.588。②非参数秩和检验表明在有无水域条件上,鸟类群落差异不明显,城市森林树种组成、空间、基础设施、景观结构对鸟类指标都有着不同程度的影响。③利用主成分分析进一步阐述影响因素,可将影响鸟类丰富度的因素归为城市森林斑块所拥有的资源量和潜在可获取的资源、乔木的丰富度和多样性、单位面积下斑块的资源富集程度3个方面,进一步分析得到关于鸟类丰富度与鸟类多度的方程。【结论】城市森林对城市鸟类的吸引力取决于多个结构层次,能反映城市森林拥有的资源量和潜在可获取的资源、乔木丰富度和多样性、单位面积资源富集程度的指标是影响鸟类栖息的重要因素。[Objective]This study is designed to explore the response mechanism of urban bird habitat based on urban forest structure with birds as indicators,so as to optimize urban forest structure and improve the ecological service function of urban forest patches.[Method]Taking Hefei City as the study area,21 urban forest patches with an area of 0.5−2.5 hm2 were selected as sample plots.The characteristics of plant community and structure were investigated by sampling method,and the composition of bird community in selected sample plots was observed and recorded in the form of fixed sample line and sample point in autumn.Combined with ArcGIS and satellite images,the relevant indicators of urban forest tree species composition,space,infrastructure and landscape structure were quantified,and correlation analysis,principal component analysis and regression analysis were used to clarify the potential relationship with urban bird richness,abundance,Shannon index and Pielou evenness.[Result](1)90 species of vegetation belonging to 51 families and 76 genera were recorded.38 species of birds in 22 families and 8 orders were recorded,accounting for 10.08%of the recorded bird species in Hefei,and 1213 birds were counted by maximum retention method.The dominant species of urban birds were Pycnonotus sinensis,Cyanopica cyana and Passer montanus,and the bird composition between patches had a high similarity,with an average similarity of 0.588.(2)Non-parametric rank sum test showed that there was no obvious difference in bird community with or without water area,and the composition of urban forest tree species,space,infrastructure and landscape structure had different degrees of impact on bird indicators.(3)Principal component analysis showed that the factors affecting bird richness could be classified into three aspects:the amount of resources and potentially available resources of urban forest patches,the richness and diversity of trees,and the resource enrichment degree of patches per unit area,and the equations of bird richness

关 键 词：城市森林 城市鸟类 森林结构 生物多样性 合肥 

分 类 号：S731[农业科学—林学]