2019年夏季内蒙古呼伦湖的水生动植物物种多样性和生态状况  

Species Diversity of Aquatic Animals and Plants and Ecological Status of Hulun Lake in Summer 2019

作　　者：赵美丽 史小红[2] 赵胜男[2] 于海峰 ZHAO Meili;SHI Xiaohong;ZHAO Shengnan;YU Haifeng(Forestry and Grassland Protection Station of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China;Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区林业和草原保护总站,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第2期139-148,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：内蒙古科技研发专项项目(2021GG0089);国家重点研发计划国际合作专项项目(2017YFE0114800);国家自然科学基金地区项目(52060022和51869020);国家重点研发计划专题任务项目(2019YFC0409201)资助。

摘　　要：2019年6月和8月,在呼伦湖布设了26个采样点,开展了水生动植物(包括浮游植物、浮游动物、大型底栖无脊椎动物、大型水生植物和鱼类)多样性调查,研究呼伦湖水生动植物群落的结构和物种多样性;采用层次分析法,评价呼伦湖的生态状况。研究结果显示,共记录浮游植物8门112种,藻类类型为蓝-绿藻型;记录4类38种浮游动物,原生动物类的个体数量最多,轮虫类的物种数量最大;记录5目5科11种大型底栖无脊椎动物,环足摇蚊(Cricotopus sp.)为优势物种;记录2目2科2种大型水生植物,以芦苇(Phragmites australis)为主,其覆盖度仅占湖岸带水向区域面积的3.2%;记录4目6科21种鱼类,鱼类呈个体小型化发展趋势,细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)和蒙古红鲌(Erythroculter mongolicus)已经在呼伦湖中消失;呼伦湖的水生动植物物种多样性水平较低,呼伦湖生态处于亚健康水平。In June and August of 2019, a survey was carried out on the species diversity of phytoplankton,zooplankton, large benthic invertebrates, large aquatic plants and fish in Hulun Lake, to study the community structure and species diversity of aquatic animals and plants in Hulun Lake;and ecological status of Hulun Lake was evaluated by the method of the analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that 112 species of phytoplankton in 8 phyla and algae in blue-green algae type were identified, 38 species of zooplankton in 4categories, protozoa and rotifers were dominant in individual number and species number respectively, and 11species of large benthic invertebrates in 5 orders and 5 families were identified. Cricotopus sp. was the dominant species, and there were only 2 species of large aquatic plants, 2 orders, 2 families, covering 3.2% of the water-facing area of the lakeshore zone. There were 21 species of fish, 6 families, 4 orders. Brachymystax Lenok and Erythroculter mongolicus have disappeared from the lake. According to the calculation of ecological health index of Hulun Lake, the ecological status of Hulun Lake was sub-health level in summer2019. In general, the diversity of aquatic animals and plants in Hulun Lake was at a low level in summer 2019.

关 键 词：浮游植物 浮游动物 大型水生植物 大型底栖无脊椎动物 鱼类 物种多样性 呼伦湖 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] Q948.8