福州市滨海湿地中主要草本植物的种子性状分析  

Seed Traits of Main Herbaceous Plants in Coastal Wetlands of the Fuzhou City

作　　者：李海燕 王昊羽[1,2] 黄佳芳 仝川[1,2,3] LI Haiyan;WANG Haoyu;HUANG Jiafang;TONG Chuan(School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geo graphical Process,Ministry of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,P.R.China;Fujian Minjiang Estuary Wetland Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Fuzhou 350215,Fujian,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350007 [2]湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建师范大学,福建福州350007 [3]福建闽江河口湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,福建福州350215

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第2期239-250,共12页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家科技部科技基础资源调查项目(2019FY100604);福建省林业科技项目(2021FKJ31)资助。

摘　　要：植物种子的性状可以影响种子的扩散能力、幼苗定植和种群分布格局。2020年10月至2021年1月期间,在福州市的罗源湾区、敖江口区、闽江口区、东湖湿地、福清湾区和兴化湾区的湿地中,采集了12种草本植物的种子,原位测定了采样点水体p H和盐度等环境指标;在实验室中,利用超高精细体视显微镜、电子数显卡尺和万分之一天平等仪器和工具,统计和测定了种子的性状指标(包括种子长度、种子宽度、单株种子数量和质量、单位面积种子数量和单位面积产量等)。研究结果表明,田菁(Sesbania cannabina)、夏飘拂草(Fimbristylis aestivalis)、海三棱藨草(Scirpus×mariqueter)、短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)、叉分蓼(Polygonum divaricatum)、南方碱蓬(Suaeda australis)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的种子的结实率分别为100.0%、83.2%、61.1%、50.8%、41.1%、10.7%和5.5%;夏飘拂草种群、两歧飘拂草(Fimbristylis dichotoma)种群、短叶茳芏种群、叉分蓼种群、南方碱蓬种群、田菁种群、互花米草种群和海三棱藨草种群的单位面积种子数量分别为170 184.0粒/m^(2)、84 457.0粒/m^(2)、36 601.6粒/m^(2)、24 524.2粒/m^(2)、12 580.2粒/m^(2)、5 246.9粒/m^(2)、4 218.3粒/m^(2)和1 623.6粒/m^(2);罗源湾区的单株互花米草的种子数量(28.5粒)、种子质量(135.4 mg)和互花米草种群的单位面积种子数量(5 317.9粒/m^(2))、单位面积种子产量(32.4 g/m^(2))都明显大于闽江口区和东湖湿地;采样点水体pH是单子叶植物(芦苇、狭叶香蒲、互花米草、3种飘拂草属植物、短叶茳芏和海三棱藨草)地上生物量(鲜质量)和植株高度的影响因素;水体的盐度、水体的电导率是单子叶植物盖度的影响因素。采样点水体的盐度、水体的电导率是双子叶植物(南方碱蓬、海滨藜、叉分蓼和田菁)高度、种子的百粒质量、种子长宽比的影响因素。Seed traits affect seed dispersal ability,seedling colonization and population distribution pattern.In this study,the seeds of 12 herbaceous plants were collected from the wetlands of the Luoyuan Bay,Aojiang River estuary,Minjiang River estuary,Donghu wetlands,Fuqing Bay,Xinghua Bay in the Fuzhou from October 2020 to January 2021,and the environmental indicators such as pH and salinity of the water were measured in situ in the sampling points.The seed traits including the seed length,seed width,seed number and mass per plant,seed number and yield per unit area were measured using the ultra fine stereomicroscope electronic caliper and one ten thousandth balance in the laboratory.The seed setting rates of Sesbania cannabina,Fimbristylis aestivalis,Scirpus×mariqueter,Cyperus malaccensis,Polygonum divaricatum Suaeda australis and Spartina alterniflora were 100.0%,83.2%,61.1%,50.8%,41.1%,10.7%and 5.5%respectively.The number of seeds per unit area in the populations of Fimbristylis aestivalis,Fimbristylis dichotoma,Cyperus malaccensis,Polygonum divaricatum,Suaeda australis,Sesbania cannabina,Spartina alterniflora and Scirpus×mariqueter were 170 184.0 seeds/m^(2),84 457.0 seeds/m^(2),36 601.6 seeds/m^(2),24 524.2seeds/m^(2),12 580.2 seeds/m^(2),5 246.9 seeds/m^(2),4 218.3 seeds/m^(2)and 1 623.6 seeds/m^(2),respectively.The seed number per plant (28.5 grains),seed massper plant (135.4 mg),seed number per unit area (5 317.9 grains/m^(2)) and seed yield per unit area (32.4 g/m^(2)) of Spartina alterniflora in the Luoyuan Bay were significantly higher than those in the Minjiang River estuary and the Donghu wetlands.The water pH was the factor influencing the aboveground biomass (fresh weight) and plant height of monocotyledons (Phragmites australis,Typha angustifolia,Spartina alterniflora,three species of Fimbristylis,Cyperus malaccensis,and Scirpus×mariqueter).The water salinity and conductivity were the factors influencing the coveragesof monocotyledons.Water salinity and conductivity were the factors influencing the s

关 键 词：草本植物 种子性状 种子数量 种子产量 滨海湿地 福州 

分 类 号：Q944.3[生物学—植物学]