脱铜阳极泥熔炼高铅渣熔点“测不准”问题分析  

Analysis on the Melting Point Measurement Uncertainty of High-Lead Slag in Copper Removal Anode Slime Smelting

作　　者：胡爱琳 赵俊学[1] 辛鑫 王泽 康毅 张笑天 崔雅茹[1] 李彬 HU Ailin;ZHAO Junxue;XIN Xin;WANG Ze;KANG Yi;ZHANG Xiaotian;CUI Yaru;LI Bin(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi′an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2022年第5期67-74,共8页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51674185,51674186)。

摘　　要：脱铜阳极泥熔炼高铅渣在熔点测定过程中由于挥发会导致测定结果偏离“真值”(“测不准”)。以卡尔多炉工艺熔炼脱铜阳极泥的高铅渣为研究对象,尝试通过研究挥发机制预测升温过程的适时炉渣组成,进一步以适时炉渣组成与熔点测定值对应,以消除挥发的影响。采用FactSage 7.1软件计算熔炼渣的熔点和挥发反应的ΔG,用半球法测定熔化温度,利用TG热重分析仪测定渣样的失重变化规律。结果表明,高温下含铅渣挥发主要是PbO以及少量的Bi_(2)O_(3)、As_(4)O_(6)、TeO_(2)、SeO_(2)和Sb_(4)O_(6)挥发导致的,在950~1200℃高温段挥发最明显,当PbO含量分别为14.52%、25.07%、28.75%和41.25%时,铅渣挥发率分别为35.25%、49.48%、55.92%和58.39%。Factsage计算熔点值比半球点及流动温度实测值偏高。对脱铜阳极泥熔炼高铅渣所测半球点温度和流动温度与适时炉渣成分(基于原始炉渣成分及挥发失重的测算)对应,得到更接近“真值”的新成分-熔点的对应关系。In the process of melting point measurement of high-lead slag in copper removal anode slime smelting,the results may deviate from the"true value"due to evaporation(referred to as“uncertainty”).In this article,high-lead slag produced by the Kaldor furnace process for copper removal anode slime smelting was taken as object,a method was suggested to predict the timely slag composition during the heating process based on evaporation mechanism,and to use the timely slag composition to correspond to the measured melting point to eliminate the effect of evaporation.The FactSage 7.1 software was used to calculate the melting point of the smelting slag and theΔG of the evaporation reaction,the melting points were measured by the hemisphere method,and the weight loss of the slag samples were measured by TG.The results show that the weight loss of lead-containing slag at high temperature is mainly caused by the evaporation of PbO and a small amount of Bi_(2)O_(3),As_(4)O_(6),TeO_(2),SeO_(2)and Sb_(4)O_(6).The evaporation is obvious at the high temperature of 950-1200℃,when the PbO content is 14.52%,25.07%,28.75%and 41.25%respectively,the slag evaporation rates can reach 35.25%,49.48%,55.92%and 58.39%respectively.The melting point calculated by FactSage is higher than the measured hemispherical point and flow temperature.The measured hemispheric point temperature and flow temperature of the high-lead slag smelted from copper removal anode slime correspond to the timely slag composition(based on the calculation of the original slag composition and evaporation weight loss),and a new composition-melting point relationship closer to the“true value”is obtained.

关 键 词：脱铜阳极泥 熔炼高铅渣 挥发 熔点 测不准 

分 类 号：TF812[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]