再就业对城镇离退休老年人心理健康的影响  

Effect of Reemployment on Mental Health of Urban Retired Elderly

作　　者：张立媛 刘成斌[1] ZHANG Liyuan;LIU Chengbin(School of Sociology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学社会学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《人口与经济》2022年第3期56-70,共15页Population & Economics

摘　　要：“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要提出实施渐进式延迟法定退休年龄,这意味着延迟退休在中国进入了计划实施阶段。尽管以往研究探讨了再就业对老年人心理健康的影响,但结论却争议不断。立足于中国的现实情境,结合中国家庭经济行为与代际关系的特点,构建了以收入水平、向下代际经济支持、老化态度、社会价值为中介,以养老观念为调节的分析框架,旨在检验再就业与城镇离退休老年人心理健康之间的关系与作用机制。使用中国老年社会追踪调查数据,利用多元线性回归、倾向值匹配、KHB中介分解效应、调节效应等方法对数据进行实证分析。结果发现:再就业能够显著降低城镇离退休老年人的抑郁倾向,促进其心理健康,通过倾向值匹配检验后,结果依然显著。中介机制表明:在再就业与城镇离退休老年人心理健康的关系中,收入水平、向下代际经济支持、老化态度、社会价值分别能够解释其中的6.49%、3.79%、23.65%、32.41%,这意味着城镇离退休老年人再就业对精神的需求要远大于经济需求。调节分析表明:传统的养儿防老观念会削弱再就业对城镇离退休老年人心理健康的促进作用。这些研究结论对于延迟退休政策的实施具有重要的意义。鉴于以上结论,建议加大对退休老年人再就业政策的扶持力度,创造良好的用工环境,宣传积极的养老观念。The 14th Five-Year Plan and the outline of the Long-Range Objectives Goal 2035 have proposed a gradual extension in the statutory retirement age,which means that delayed retirement has entered the planned implementation stage in China.Although previous studies have explored the impact of reemployment on the mental health of the elderly,the conclusions are controversial.The aims of this study is to examine the relationship and mechanism between reemployment and mental health of the urban retired elderly.Based on the actual situation of China,and combined with the characteristics of Chinese family economic behavior and intergenerational relationships,this paper constructs an analytical framework with income level,downward intergenerational economic support,aging attitude,and social values as intermediary,and old-age concept as the moderating variables.Based on the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey,multiple linear regression,propensity value matching,KHB mediation decomposition effect,and moderating effect were used to analyze the data empirically.The results show that:Reemployment can significantly reduce the depression tendency and promote health of the urban retired elderly,and the results are still significant after propensity score matching(PSM).The mediating mechanism shows that in the relationship between mental health and reemployment among the urban retired elderly,income level,downward intergenerational economic support,aging attitude,and social value can explain 6.49%,3.79%,23.65%,and 32.41%of the relationship,respectively.This result means that the spiritual needs of the urban retired elderly for reemployment are far greater than their economic needs.The moderating effects show that the traditional concept of“raising children and providing the elderly”will weaken the promotion effect of reemployment on the mental health of the urban retired elderly.These findings have important implications for the implementation of delayed retirement policy.In view of the above conclusions,it is r

关 键 词：再就业 城镇离退休老年人 心理健康 代际经济支持 养老观念 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]