基于摩擦纳米发电机的微塑料实时检测实验研究  

Real-time detection and experimental study of microplastics based on friction nanogenerator

作　　者：向琴 龙威[1] 冯朗 李萌 XIANG Qin;LONG Wei;FENG Lang;LI Meng(Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第5期2275-2282,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51766006);云南省“万人计划/青年拔尖人才”项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-162)。

摘　　要：采用基于自供电的摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)技术,设计开发了一种利用间断液柱检测水样内微塑料颗粒尺寸和丰度的实时快速检测方法和装置,并通过实验测试完成了对微塑料的尺寸形貌表征和化学元素组成的实时高效检测.研究发现,去离子水中加入微塑料颗粒时,溶液中zeta电位降低,改变了管壁表面的极化电场方向;随着水溶液中微塑料颗粒直径或丰度的增加,开路电压呈现减小趋势,50μm时减小了43.1%,0.250%浓度时减小了79.6%;微塑料颗粒对自来水的开路电压影响显著,以10μm微塑料颗粒为例,开路电压减小了20%,证明了TENG技术对海洋微塑料检测的可行性.This paper proposes a real-time and rapid detection method and device for detecting the size and abundance of microplastic particles by discontinuous liquid column,using the TENG technology based on self-powered.Through experimental tests,the size and morphology characterization of microplastics and the real-time and efficient detection of chemical element composition are completed.The study deduces that,when the micro-plastic particles are added into the deionized water,the Zeta potential in the solution is reduced,and the direction of the polarization of the electric field on the surface of the pipe wall is changed.In addition,with the increase of the diameter or abundance of microplastic particles in the aqueous solution,the output voltages show a decreasing trend.The output voltages is reduced by 43.1%at 50μm and by 79.6%at 0.250%.Moreover,the micro-plastic particles have a significant impact on the output voltages of tap water.Considering 10μm microplastic particles as example,the output voltages are reduced by 20%.This proves the feasibility of the TENG technology for the detection of marine microplastics.

关 键 词：海洋微塑料 摩擦纳米发电机(TENG) 极化电场 粒径检测 丰度检测 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]