从藻类生理生态学角度解析绿潮爆发的内在机制  

Analysis of the underlying mechanisms of green tide with a perspective of algae ecophysiology

作　　者：马汶菲 李景玉[1] MA Wen-fei;LI Jing-yu(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第5期1420-1428,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划重大科技创新工程项目海洋牧场生物资源养护关键技术与设备研发及应用示范项目(2019JZZY020708)资助。

摘　　要：绿潮是在特殊环境条件下,海水中某些大型绿藻爆发性增殖或高度聚集而引发的海洋生态异常现象。自2007年起,黄海已连续15年爆发绿潮,对沿岸生态环境、社会发展、经济建设造成极其严重的危害,解决绿潮问题刻不容缓。绿潮的形成是外因和内因综合作用的结果。目前,国内外学者对绿潮爆发的外因,即环境因子已具有科学的认知,并围绕绿潮藻类对某些环境因子的生理响应展开系列研究,且取得了一定成果。然而,针对绿潮爆发的内因,即绿潮藻类为应对大幅波动的环境因子而产生的极强的生理生态适应性尚未进行深入探讨。本文从藻类生理生态学角度入手,综述绿潮成因种对多种生态因子波动的响应机制,包括光照强度、二氧化碳、温度、盐度与干出、营养盐、重金属及生物因素,归纳了绿潮藻类的光合生长生理、营养生理和繁殖生理对环境因子波动的适应性调节机制,揭示了绿潮藻类爆发的内因。Green tide in the sea is an abnormal ecological phenomenon caused by the explosive proliferation or high aggregation of some green macroalgae under particular environmental conditions.Since 2007,green tides have occurred in the Yellow Sea for 15 consecutive years,resulting in extremely serious damage to coastal ecological environment,social development,and economic construction.Therefore,it is urgent to solve the green tide problem,which is driven by external and internal factors.Global researchers have scientifically recognized the external causes(environmental factors)of the green tide blooms,and have carried out a series of studies on the physiological response of green tide algae to some environmental factors and obtained some achievements.However,the internal causes of green tide blooms,which is the intense ecophysiological adaptability of green tide algae in response to drastic fluctuation of environmental factors,has not yet been sufficiently addressed.From the perspective of algae ecophysiology,we reviewed the response mechanisms of green tide forming species to the fluctuations of various ecological factors,including light intensity,carbon dioxide,temperature,salinity,desiccation,nutrient,heavy metals,and biotic factors.Moreover,we summarized the adaptive regulation mechanisms of green tide algae dealing with fluctuating environmental factors from the aspects of photosynthetic and growth physiology,nutritional physio-logy,and reproductive physiology,which help reveal the internal mechanisms of green tide blooming.

关 键 词：绿潮藻类 环境因子 生理响应 生态响应 适应性调节 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173