南疆无膜棉不同灌溉条件下土壤水分时空变化特征  

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Soil Moisture under Different Irrigation Conditions of Filmless Cotton in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：李志鹏 李亚兵[2] 杨北方 陈国栋[1] 冯璐[2] 范正义[2] 李小飞 王占彪 熊世武 雷亚平 王国平[2] 万素梅[1] LI Zhipeng;LI Yabing;YANG Beifang;CHEN Guodong;FENG Lu;FAN Zhengyi;LI Xiaofei;WANG Zhanbiao;XIONG Shiwu;LEI Yaping;WANG Guoping;WAN Sumei(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alaer Xinjiang 843300,China;State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第5期569-577,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32001480);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKJS202001);新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2019DB010);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费院级统筹项目(Y2020XK12)。

摘　　要：旨在研究南疆不同灌溉条件下无膜棉田土壤水分时空变化特征,以‘中棉619’为供试品种,南疆常规膜下滴灌模式为对照(CK),无膜棉田设置6次(wmm1)、8次(wmm^(2))、10次(wmm3)3个不同的灌水处理,开花前每个处理灌水量均为45 mm,开花后灌水量均为69 mm,wmm3最后一次灌水量为52.2 mm。结果表明:灌水次数较少的处理wmm1、wmm^(2),土壤水分的垂直分布特征为随着土层深度的增加先增加后减少,wmm3及CK土壤水分垂直分布特征为先增加后减少再增加,CK与无膜处理相对湿润区域存在差异。初花期地膜覆盖保水效果明显,但是随着生育进程的推进以及灌水次数的增加,wmm3处理10~50 cm土层土壤含水量与CK持平,50~90 cm土层土壤含水量明显高于其他处理,wmm1处理除50~70 cm土层外,含水量下降速度最快、含量最低。盛花期前后各处理的耗水量差异显著,最大耗水量出现的日期差异显著,wmm3自开花后耗水量显著高于其他处理。因此,可通过优化灌水量及次数提高水分利用率。In order to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture in filmless cotton field under different irrigation conditions in Southern Xinjiang.‘Zhongmian 619’was used as an experimental variety,the conventional drip irrigation mode in Southern Xinjiang was used as the control(CK),three different treatments of 6 times(wmm1),8 times(wmm^(2))and 10 times(wmm3)were set.The irrigation amount of each treatment before flowering was 45 mm,the irrigation amount after flowering was 69 mm,and the last irrigation amount under treatment of wmm3 was 52.2 mm.The results showed that the vertical distribution characteristics of soil moisture increasedfirst and then decreased with the increase of soil depth under the treatments of wmm1 and wmm^(2) with less irrigation times.The vertical distribution characteristics of soil moisture under the treatments of wmm3 and CK with film increased first and then decreased,increased lastly.There was a difference in the relative humid area under the treatment of film and filmless.The water retention effect of plastic film mulch at the initial flowering stage was obvious,but with the growth of the cotton and the increase of irrigation frequency,the soil water content in 10-50 cm soil layer under treatment of wmm3 was same as that in CK,and the soil water content in 50-90 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Except for 50-70 cm soil layer under the wmm1 treatment,the water content decreased fastest and the content was lowest.The water consumption of each treatment beforeand after full bloom was significantly different,and the date of maximum water consumption was significantly different.The water consumption under treatment of wmm3 after flowering was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Therefore,water use efficiency can be improved by optimal irrigation amount and times.

关 键 词：无膜棉 土壤水分 时空变化特征 含水量 耗水量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]