12个猕猴桃栽培品种在陕西秦巴山区的引种表现  

Introductive Performance of Twelve Kiwifruit Cultivars in Qinba Mountainous Area of Shaanxi Province

作　　者：刘艳飞[1] 王中月 谢利华 张阿玲 刘占德[1] LIU Yanfei;WANG Zhongyue;XIE Lihua;ZHANG Aling;LIU Zhande(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Agricultural Science and Technology Service Center of Langao,Langao Shaanxi 725400,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]岚皋县农业科技服务中心,陕西岚皋725400

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第5期603-611,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省现代猕猴桃产业技术体系(K3370219026)。

摘　　要：调查不同猕猴桃品种在陕西秦巴山区的物候期、生长特性、病虫害、果实品质等指标,初步筛选适宜栽培的猕猴桃品种。分别以3个中华猕猴桃品种和9个美味猕猴桃品种为试验材料,调查观测萌芽期、展叶期、盛花期、果实成熟期和落叶期,统计萌芽率、结果枝率和坐果率3个生长特性指标,观测树势、主干、一年生枝等树体生长相关指标和病虫害发生情况,并测定果实果形指数、可溶性固形物、固酸比等果实品质指标。利用主成分分析法对12个猕猴桃品种的引种表现进行综合性评价。引进的12个品种中,‘翠香’最早成熟,‘海沃德’成熟最晚,相差38 d。‘脐红’萌芽率、结果枝率均最高,分别为88.52%和92.56%;‘农大金猕’‘脐红’和‘翠香’坐果率分别为97.23%、97.13%和96.62%,均显著高于其他品种。‘翠香’‘农大郁香’树体表现最佳,‘金香’和‘脐红’树体表现较弱。‘农大郁香’单果质量最大,达到101.76 g;‘金香’单果质量最小,仅46.17 g。果实软熟时,可溶性固形物、干物质、固酸比均以‘脐红’最高,分别达到19.93%、22.56%和177.27,其次是‘农大金猕’(18.88%,21.11%和125.4)和‘翠香’(18.31%,20.51%和140.69);香气最为浓郁的是‘脐红’。根据主成分分析进行综合评分并考虑品种结构配置,初步筛选出适宜陕西秦巴山区栽种的猕猴桃品种有‘翠香’‘脐红’‘农大金猕’和‘徐香’。The phonological period,growth characteristics,disease and insect,and fruit quality of 12 kiwifruit cultivars in Qinba mountainous area were investigated to screening the suitable kiwifruit cultivars for Qinba mountainous area of Shaanxi province.Principal component analysis was used to evaluated the general performance of 12 kiwifruit cultivars including 3 Actinidia chinensis and 9 A.deliciosa,based on the results of above investigated indicators.The earliest mature‘Cuixiang’is prior 38 days than the latest mature‘Hayward’.The germination rate and fruiting shoots rate of‘Qihong’is the highest(88.52%and 92.56%,respectively);the fruit setting rates of‘Jinmi’(97.23%),‘Qihong’(97.13%)and‘Cuixiang’(96.62%)were significantly higher than that of other cultivars.Both‘Cuixiang’and‘Yuxiang’had the best tree vigour,while‘Jinxiang’and‘Qihong’were weaker.Determination of fruit quality showed that,‘Yuxiang’had the biggest size with 101.76 g of single fruit weight,while‘Jinxiang’was only 46.17 g.Among all tested cultivars,‘Qihong’contained the highest of soluble solids(19.93%),dry matter(22.56%)and solid acid ratio(177.27),followed by‘Jinmi’(18.88%,21.11%and 125.4,respectively)and‘Cuixiang’(18.31%,20.51%and 140.69);and‘Qihong’was the most aromatic.Based on the results of principal componenr analysis and the consideration of cultivars collocation,‘Cuixiang’‘Qihong’‘Jinmi’and‘Xuxiang’were screened out preliminarily to suitably cultivated in Qinba mountainous area of Shaanxi province.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 物候期 生长特性 病虫害 果实品质 引种表现 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]