稻虾种养模式对土壤还原性物质及养分累积的影响  

Effect of rice-crayfish cultivation mode on the accumulation of soil reducing substances and nutrients

作　　者：徐荣[1,2] 杨婷 韩光明 吴雷明[1,2] 张家宏 寇祥明 王守红[1] XU Rong;YANG Ting;HAN Guang-ming;WU Lei-ming;ZHANG Jia-hong;KOU Xiang-ming;WANG Shou-hong(Agricultural Sciences Institute in Jiangsu Lixiahe Area,Yangzhou 225007,Jiangsu,China;Research Center for Eco-Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225007,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007 [2]江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心,江苏扬州225007

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第5期925-932,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(19)3052);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系(JATS[2020]245);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)(BE2021336);江苏省“六大人才高峰”培养资金(NY-244);江苏省“333工程”培养资金(BRA2019181);扬州市重点研发计划(社会发展)(YZ2019048);江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所科研专项资金(SJ(21)201)资助。

摘　　要：以水稻单作模式(MR)为对照,选取扬州稻虾种养模式(CR)的6个示范点,分析不同种植年限(1、2和3 a)、土层深度(0~20、20~40和40~60 cm)和生育期(分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和成熟期)条件下土壤还原性物质、全量养分和速效养分含量变化,旨在揭示稻虾种养模式下土壤理化性质随时间和空间的变化规律,为该模式的田间管理及可持续发展提供依据。结果表明:随着种植年限增加,相较于MR,CR在0~40 cm土层中的活性还原性物质、Mn^(2+)和Fe^(2+)含量逐年增加,且与MR间差异有逐年增大趋势;其中3 a时CR 0~20 cm土层中的活性还原性物质显著高于MR(P<0.05);CR运行2~3 a时,0~20 cm土层土壤速效磷占比较1 a时显著增加(P<0.05),连续运行1~3 a时铵态氮、速效氮、速效氮占比、速效磷占比在各处理间差异不显著,但CR较MR有一定的增加趋势(P>0.05)。综上,相较于MR,CR持续运行1~3 a,虽可能增加0~40 cm土层的次生潜育化风险,但一定程度上能提高耕层土壤(0~20 cm)氮、磷的有效性,改善土壤肥力。In this study,six model demonstration sites of rice-crayfish coculture(CR)and rice monocropping(MR,as control)in Yangzhou were selected to analyze the content of soil reducing substances,total nutrients and available nutrients across different planting years(1,2,3 years),soil layers(0-20,20-40,40-60 cm),and the growth period of rice(tillering stage,jointing booting stage,maturity stage),aiming to reveal the temporal and spatial variations of soil physicochemical properties of rice-crayfish coculture and to provide theoretical reference for field management and sustainable development of this model.The results showed that with the increases of planting years,CR increased the active reducing substances,Mn^(2+) and Fe^(2+) contents in 0-40 cm soil layer than MR,and such differences increased annually.The active reducing substances in 0-20 cm soil layer of CR was significantly higher than that of MR(P<0.05).The proportion of soil available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer increased significantly under CR after operated for 2 to 3 years,compared with that for 1 year(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in ammonium nitrogen,available nitrogen,available nitrogen proportion,and available phosphorus over time among different treatments,but CR had a certain increasing trend compared with MR(P>0.05).In conclusion,CR could improve nitrogen and phosphorus availability in surface soil(0-20 cm)and thus soil fertility,but increase the risk of secondary gleyization in 0-40 cm soil layer compared with MR.

关 键 词：稻虾种养模式 还原性物质 次生潜育化 养分供应能力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S966.12S158