默认选项设置的助推效果:来自元分析的证据  

Nudging effect of default options: A meta-analysis

作　　者：赵宁 刘鑫 李纾[1,2] 郑蕊 ZHAO Ning;LIU Xin;LI Shu;ZHENG Rui(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院行为科学重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所),北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2022年第6期1230-1241,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71771209);国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA358、18ZDA332);国家社会科学基金重点项目(16AZD058);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(9172020)。

摘　　要：默认选项设置指通过设置默认选项以增加人们选择该选项可能性的助推方法,近年来被越来越多地运用于促进公众积极行为上,然而这种方法在有效性上却受到了来自公众和学者的质疑。据此,本研究运用元分析法整合了近几年有关默认选项设置的已有实证研究,分析该助推手段的有效性,并进一步考察可能影响其有效性的相关变量。研究共纳入符合要求的原始文献56篇,含92个研究,结果发现:(1)默认选项设置的确能有效助推人们的行为;(2)默认选项设置的助推有效性在东、西方文化下存在显著差异,其在西方文化背景下的助推效果要显著好于其在东方文化背景下的使用;(3)默认选项设置的助推有效性在不同情境应用领域中存在显著差异,相较于健康和环保领域,默认选项设置在金钱相关的情境领域下助推效果更好。Default-based nudge has been increasingly used in recent years to improve the public approval of social policies. However, its effectiveness has also been questioned by the public and some scholars. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of default options and the related variables that may affect its effectiveness. A total of 56 empirical research and 92 studies were included through literature retrieval.Results of the meta-analysis are as follows:(1) A considerable effect of default options was observed,(2)The moderating analysis of cultural background revealed that the nudging effect of default options under Western culture was better than that under Eastern culture, and(3) Lastly, the moderating analysis showed a significant difference of default effect between different domains, and that the nudging effect of default options was greater in the money-related domain than in the health and environmental domains.

关 键 词：默认选项设置 助推 元分析 选择退出 选择加入 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]