宁夏四地区奶牛球虫病流行病学调查及虫种鉴定  

Epidemiological Investigation and Identification of Coccidiosis in Dairy Cows in Four Districts of Ningxia

作　　者：牛晓昊 黎玉琼 郭亚男 王鑫 李继东[1] NIU Xiao-hao;LI Yu-qiong;GUO Ya-nan;WANG Xin;LI Ji-dong(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Animal Science,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2022年第3期15-19,F0004,共6页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院科技创新引导项目(NKYJ-20-12);农业高质量发展项目十四五专项(NGSB-2021-12-06);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2019ZWSF3007)。

摘　　要：为了掌握宁夏回族自治区四地区奶牛球虫的感染情况及优势流行虫种,本试验对石嘴山、银川、吴忠和青铜峡4个市的14个规模化奶牛场的球虫感染情况进行调查,按照每个月龄奶牛总数的15%比例随机进行样本采集并用显微镜检测球虫。结果显示:采集的1 938份粪样中,856份为阳性,平均感染率为44.17%;共发现12种艾美耳球虫(Eimeria),分别是牛艾美耳球虫(E.bovis)、柱状艾美耳球虫(E.cylindeica)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(E.zuernii)、阿拉巴艾美耳球虫(E.alabamensis)、奥博艾美耳球虫(E.auburnensis)、巴西艾美耳球虫(E.brasiliensi)、拔克朗艾美耳球虫(E.bukidnonensis)、加拿大艾美耳球虫(E.canadensis)、椭圆艾美耳球虫(E.ellipsoidalli)、皮利他艾美耳球虫(E.pellita)、亚球形艾美耳球虫(E.subspherical)和怀俄明艾美耳球虫(E.wyomingensis);所有牛场都存在混合感染的情况;在14个牛场中检测出平均每克粪便中球虫卵囊数(OPG)最高为5 776.32,最低为283.58;宁夏四地区的14个规模化奶牛场球虫均为阳性,不同地区不同牛场艾美耳球虫感染率无统计学差异(P>0.05);在奶牛的不同月龄分组中,10~12月龄、7~9月龄、4~6月龄、2~3月龄和0~1月龄艾美耳球虫的感染率分别为62.07%(473/762)、51.27%(161/314)、31.30%(128/409)、23.63%(82/347)和11.32%(12/106),不同月龄奶牛球虫感染率统计学差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明宁夏四地区奶牛球虫发病率较高,其中牛艾美耳球虫为优势虫种,10~12月龄奶牛球虫阳性率最高。This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological status of coccidiosis infection in dairy cows in four districts of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.A total of 1 938 fecal samples were collected from 14 large-scale dairy farms in Shizuishan,Yinchuan,Wuzhong,and Qingtongxia,with 15% of the total number of cows randomly sampled in each month,and subjected to microscopic examination for coccidian oocysts.The results showed that 856 of the 1 938 fecal samples were positive for coccidian oocyts,with an average infection rate of 44.17%;12 Eimeria species were identified,including E.bovis,E.cylindeica,E.zuernii,E.alabamensis,E.auburnensis,E.brasiliensi,E.bukidnonensis,E.canadensis,E.ellipsoidalli,E.pellita,E.subspherical and E.wyomingensis;all cattle farms had mixed infections;among the 14 large-scale dairy farms,the highest average oocyst per gram(OPG) was 5 776.32 and the lowest average OPG was 283.58;all 14 large-scale dairy farms in Ningxia four districts were positive for coccidiosis;no significant difference in the infection rate of Eimeria was noted on different farms in different regions(P>0.05);among cows of different ages,the Eimeria positive rates in 10-12 months old,7-9 months old,4-6 months old,2-3 months old and 0-1 months old were 62.07%(473/762),51.27%(161/314),31.30%(128/409),23.63%(82/347),and 11.32%(12/106),respectively,with statistically significantly different(P<0.01).Thus,the incidences of coccidiosis in dairy cows in the four districts of Ningxia were relatively high,and E.bovis was the most prevalent species,and the highest positive rate occurred among 10-12 months old.

关 键 词：宁夏 奶牛 艾美耳球虫 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]