养育子女对社会网络资源的影响:母职惩罚和父职奖赏?  

Raising Children and Parents Social Network Resources:Motherhood Penalty and Fatherhood Premium?

作　　者：王鹏[1] 吴愈晓[2] Wang Peng;Wu Yuxiao(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,P.R.China;School of Sociology,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,济南250100 [2]南京大学社会学院,南京210023

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期89-101,共13页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究一般项目“家庭结构对儿童发展的影响研究”(17YJC840038);山东省社科规划研究项目“农村留守儿童的发展问题研究”(16CQSJ05);国家社科基金重点项目“中产阶层生活状况和社会态度研究”(19ASH007)。

摘　　要：养育子女对人们的社会网络资源具有影响且存在性别差异。通过使用JSNET2014数据发现:第一,养育孩子会改变父母日常社会网络资源的质量,对于女性而言,未成年子女越多,社会网络规模越大,但是餐饮社交活动越少;对于男性而言,未成年子女越多,其社会网络资源的异质性越强。第二,养育子女会影响父母在职业领域的社会网络资源,对父母的影响既有相似之处,又有不同的地方。相似的是,养育3岁以下的子女对父母的职业网络资源均有负面影响,既会减少父亲与同事、客户的网络资源,也会减少母亲与同事的交往;不同的是,养育3岁以上的子女对父亲的三类职场网络资源没有显著影响,但对母亲与同事、领导和客户的网络资源均有显著负向效应。第三,对于学龄期父母来说,养育孩子使得母亲的社会交往转向了“以孩子为中心”,母亲与孩子老师、其他家长的交往要明显多于父亲。This study explores the effect of raising non-adult children and its interaction effect with gender on social network resources.Using Data from a national sample(JSNET 2014)in China,we find evidence for the effects of parenthood on social network resources.The number of non-adult children is positively associated with the size of social network for women and the diversity of social network of men.We find that raising children under 3 is both negatively associated with the diversity of social network for mothers and fathers.It is also negatively associated with the top occupation prestige of social network for mothers.There is evidence that raising non-adult children is associated with the social network negatively for mothers in occupational area and we also find evidence for the negative effect of parenthood on the occupational social network resources for fathers.There is evidence that mothers social network is“child-centered”and they interact more than fathers with children s teachers and other parents.

关 键 词：养育子女 社会网络资源 性别差异 母职惩罚 父职奖赏 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理] C913.1[社会学]