417例早产儿早期神经心理发育情况及影响因素分析  

Analysis of early neuropsychological development in 417 premature infants and its influencing factors

作　　者：袁丽[1] 夏荣明[1] 高月乔 苗秀芳[1] YUAN Li;XIA Rongming;GAO Yueqiao;MIAO Xiufang(Department of Child Healthcare,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chaoyang District in Beijing,Beijing,100021;Department of Neonatology,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chaoyang District in Beijing,Beijing,100021)

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区妇幼保健院儿童保健科,北京100021 [2]北京市朝阳区妇幼保健院新生儿科,北京100021

出　　处：《实用临床医药杂志》2022年第9期103-106,111,共5页Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice

基　　金：北京市朝阳区科技计划项目(CYSF2036)。

摘　　要：目的探讨早产儿神经心理发育情况及影响因素,为早产儿保健提供指导。方法采用自制调查表对417例早产儿开展随访。至矫正6月龄时,采用《0-6岁儿童神经心理行为检查量表》进行神经心理发育评估。采用多元线性回归模型进行影响因素分析。结果早产儿神经心理发育总发育商为(95.12±9.22),处于中等水平。5大能区中存在发育障碍,其中粗大运动占2.40%,精细动作占5.04%,适应能力占1.68%,语言占2.64%,社会行为占2.16%。共62例(14.87%)早产儿在矫正6月龄时,存在1个及以上能区发育障碍或临界偏低水平。胎龄34周及以上、出生体质量≥2000 g及母亲非瘢痕子宫、母亲教育程度本科及以上和门诊定期随访的早产儿总发育商较高(P<0.05)。出生胎龄、出生体质量、矫正6月龄身长及门诊定期随访是影响早产儿神经心理总发育商因素。结论应加强母亲孕期科学的保健和营养支持,减少低体质量及低胎龄儿的出生,加强定期随访,促进早产儿神经心理发育。Objective To investigate the neuropsychological development of premature infants and its influencing factors,and to provide guidance for the health care of premature infants.Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to follow up 417 premature infants at corrected age of 6 months,neuropsychological development was assessed by neuropsychological and behavioral examination scale for children aged 0 year to 6 years.Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results The total developmental quotient of neuropsychological development in preterm infants was(95.12±9.22),which was in the medium level.There were developmental disorders in the five functional areas,including gross motor(2.40%),fine motor(5.04%),adaptive ability(1.68%),language(2.64%)and social behavior(2.16%).A total of 62 cases(14.87%)of preterm infants showed developmental disorder or critical low level in one or more functional areas at the corrected age of 6 months.The gestational age of more than 34 weeks,birth weight≥2000 g,non-scar uterus in mother,high education level of mother,regular follow-up of outpatients had higher development quotient(P<0.05).Gestational age,birth weight,corrected 6-month-old body length and regular follow-up in outpatient department were the factors affecting the total neuropsychological developmental quotient of preterm infants.Conclusion Enhanced maternal scientific health and nutrition support during pregnancy,reduced birth of infants with low body weight and low gestational age,strengthened regular follow-up,and promoted the neuropsychological development of premature infants should be performed.

关 键 词：早产儿 神经心理发育 影响因素 定期随访 发育商 

分 类 号：R722[医药卫生—儿科] R174[医药卫生—临床医学]