基于SSR标记的核桃种质资源遗传多样性与遗传结构分析  

Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure Analysis of Walnut Germplasm Resources Based on SSR Markers

作　　者：梁燕[1] 韩传明[1] 孙超[1] 王翠香[1] 鲁世殿 闵旭峰 LIANG Yan;HAN Chuanming;SUN Chao;WANG Cuixiang;LU Shidian;MIN Xufeng(Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan,Shandong 250014;Forest Resources Monitoring and Protection Service Center of Shandong Haiyang,Haiyang,Shandong 265100;Zaozhuang Shanti ng District Natural Resources Bureau,Zaozhuang.Shandong 277500)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]山东省海阳市森林资源监测保护服务中心,山东海阳265100 [3]枣庄市山亭区自然资源局,山东枣庄277500

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第9期47-54,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：泰山产业领军人才工程资助项目(LJNY201805);山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2020LZGC0901);国家林业和草原华东核桃工程技术研究中心资助项目;核桃产业国家创新联盟资助项目(NAWI)。

摘　　要：以58份核桃品种(优株)为试材,利用荧光SSR分子标记方法评价了58份种质资源的群体遗传多样性,分析其遗传结构特征,构建NJ聚类图,以期准确了解58份核桃种质的遗传背景和亲缘关系,为核桃属种质资源的合理利用、遗传资源的保存以及开发合理的育种方案和策略提供参考依据。结果表明:1)试验筛选出的15对SSR引物具有较高的多态性,共扩增出109个多态性等位基因(Na),平均每对引物的观测等位基因数(Na)为7.267,平均有效等位基因(Ne)3.069,平均观测杂合度(Ho) 0.519,平均期望杂合度(He)0.653,平均多态性信息量(PIC)0.603 5,平均香农指数(I)1.327。2)58份核桃品种(优株)间遗传距离范围为0.181~0.742,变幅为0.561,品种间遗传距离≥0.5的比例为44.19%,≥0.6的比例为13.5%,遗传基础较宽广,遗传信息丰富,遗传多样性水平较高。3)基于Nei遗传距离聚类分析,58份核桃品种(优株)可聚成3个类群,聚类结果与表型性状、亲缘来源有关,与地理位置相关度不大。4)群体遗传结构分析中,Q>0.6占比81.03%,基因混合来源比例较高。Fifty eight walnut cultivars(superior trees) were used as test materials to evaluate the population genetic diversity, analyze the genetic structure characteristics, and constructe the NJ cluster dendrogram of them by fluorescent SSR molecular marker technology, in order to accurately understand the genetic background and pro-margin relationship of 58 walnut germplasm resources, provide reference for rational utilization of Julans regiagermplasm resources, conservation of genetic resources and development of reasonable breeding schemes and strategies.The results showed that, 1)the 15 SSR primers screened out had high polymorphism, a total of 109 polymorphic alleles(Na) were amplified.The mean number of different alleles(Na) was 7.267,the mean number of effective alleles(Ne) was 3.069,observed heterozygosity(Ho) was 0.519,expected heterozygosity(He) was 0.653,polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.603 5,and Shannon index(I) was 1.327.2)The genetic distance between 58 walnut cultivars ranged from 0.181 to 0.742,with a variation of 0.561.The proportion of genetic distance between 58 walnut cultivars ≥0.5 was 44.19%,and the proportion of genetic distance ≥0.6 was 13.5%.The 58 cultivars(superior trees) had broad genetic base, rich genetic information and high genetic diversity.3)Based on Nei genetic distance cluster analysis, 58 walnut cultivars(superior trees) could be clustered into 3 groups.The clustering results were related to phenotypic traits and genetic origin, but not related to geographical location.4)In population genetic structure analysis, Q>0.6 accounted for 81.03%,and the proportion of gene mixed sources was high.

关 键 词：核桃 SSR分子标记 遗传多样性 群体结构 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]