甘蔗常用亲本的田间自然耐寒性测定及评价  

Test and evaluation of cold tolerance of sugarcane main parents under natural frost

作　　者：杨荣仲 吕达[3] 周会[1,2] 肖祎 刘昔辉[1] 陈道德[3] 雷敬超[1] 黄赞斌[1] 唐仕云 黄海荣[1] 陶宇[3] YANG Rong-zhong;LYU Da;ZHOU Hui;XIAO Yi;LIU Xi-hui;CHEN Dao-de;LEI Jing-chao;HUANG Zan-bin;TANG Shi-yun;HUANG Hai-rong;TAO Yu(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laborator of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Geneec Improvement(Guangxi),Ministr of Agwculturc and Rurat tAfairs/Guanyxt Key Laborator of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Sugarcane Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Provincc and Ministo Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugar Industry,Nanning 530004,China;Sichuan Academy of Botanical Engineering,Zizhong,Sichuan 641200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心,南宁530007 [2]蔗糖产业省部共建协同创新中心,南宁530004 [3]四川省植物工程研究院,四川资中641200

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第5期991-999,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-170105);中央引导地方科技发展专项(桂科ZY20111001);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT001)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解甘蔗常用亲本耐寒性与耐寒性评价性状的变化特点,为选育耐寒甘蔗品种及降低霜冻对甘蔗生产的危害提供参考依据。【方法】选择102个常用甘蔗亲本在霜冻易发地区四川省资中县进行2年新植蔗(2017P和2019P)和3年宿根蔗(2018F、2019S和2020F)田间自然耐寒性测试,并进行性状相关分析、方差分析、广义遗传力计算和聚类分析。【结果】低温环境下不同甘蔗亲本受害性状的类型和受害程度存在差异,宿根蔗较新植蔗更易受害;冷害或轻霜冻时受害性状与部分农艺性状呈显著相关(P<0.05)。甘蔗的低温受害性状受亲本、年度及其互作影响;株受害率属高遗传力性状,在冷害和轻霜冻时可用于耐寒性评价;茎长受害率和节间受害率属中等遗传力性状,受低温影响程度较小,均可用于耐寒性评价,但以节间受害率为评价性状效果优于茎长受害率;绿叶百分率在年度间变化较明显,在发生适度霜冻时可用于耐寒性评价;合并分析时亲本方差占比明显下降,遗传力有所下降。聚类分析结果表明,2017P和2019P不宜用于亲本耐寒性评价;在测试亲本中,58.89%亲本的耐寒性属较好及以上,23.53%属较差及以下。【结论】甘蔗亲本的低温受害性状种类和受害程度存在差异,耐寒性属中等至偏高遗传力性状,可用于耐寒评价的性状受到低温程度影响。进行甘蔗室内耐寒性测试时宜设差异相对较明显的轻和重2种低温环境。【Objective】The present paper aimed to understand the cold tolerance of sugarcane main parents and the change characteristics of cold tolerance evaluation related traits,and to provide reference for breeding cold tolerance sugarcane varieties and reducing the harm of frost to sugarcane production.【Method】A total of 102 parents were selected for natural frost test in 5 crops consisted of two plant cane(2017 P and 2019 P)and 3-year ratoon crops(2018 F,2019 S and 2020 F)during 2017—2020 in Zizhong,Sichuan,a frost prone area.The correlation analysis,variance analysis,calculation of broad sense heritability and cluster classification were processed.【Result】It was found that there were differences in the types and degree of cold damaged traits among parents under low temperature environments,and ratoon cane was more vulnerable than plant cane.The damaged traits were significantly(P<0.05)correlated with some agronomic characters under cold or light frost.The performance of damaged traits was affected by parent,year and their interaction.The damage rate of plant was a high heritability trait,which can be used to evaluate cold tolerance under cold and light frost.The damage rate of stalk length and internode were medium heritability traits,which were less affected by low temperature environments,and can be used to evaluate cold tolerance,and the damage rate of internode was slightly better than that of stalk length.The percentage of green leaves varies greatly among years,which can be used for cold tolerance evaluation under light or moderate frost.The percentage of parental variance decreased,and the heritability also decreased when combined data from different trials were used for variance analysis.Cluster classification showed that trials plant crops in 2017 and 2019 were not suitable for the evaluation of cold tolerance of parents.Among the tested parents,58.89%of the parents were identified as good or better cold tolerance and 23.53% as poor or poorer.【Conclusion】There are differences in the types an

关 键 词：甘蔗 亲本 耐寒性 霜冻 受害性状 广义遗传力 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]