不同甘薯品种(系)的光合特性研究  

Study on photosynthetic characteristics of different sweet potato varieties(lines)

作　　者：罗密 尹旺 邓仁菊 杨航 付梅 王洪亮 宋吉轩[1] 王启富 李飞[1] LUO Mi;YIN Wang;DENG Re-ju;YANG Hang;FU Mei;WANG Hong-liang;SONG Ji-xuan;WANG Qi-fu;LI Fei(Institute of Biotechnology,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Guiyang 550001,China;Guizhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院生物技术研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农作物技术推广总站,贵阳550001 [3]贵州省农业科技发展中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第5期1039-1047,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目[黔科合支撑(2016)2554号];贵州省创新平台建设项目[黔科合平台人才(2019)5201号];贵州省农科院重点项目[黔农科院重点项目培育(2019)01号];贵州省农科院专项[黔农科院种质资源(2020)15号]。

摘　　要：【目的】研究甘薯种质资源产量性状和光合特性,筛选光合效率和产量较高的品种,为高光效高产甘薯育种提供亲本材料。【方法】对57份甘薯品种(系)的主要光合参数和产量性状进行测定,利用方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对其光合特性以及产量进行综合评价。【结果】不同甘薯品种(系)产量性状变幅较大,各品种(系)中,单株结薯数在1.4~6.8个,单株产量在0.24~0.94 kg,单株商品薯产量为0.13~0.80 kg。光合参数差异显著,变异系数为5.12%~28.15%,表现为蒸腾效率>气孔导度>蒸腾速率>水分利用效率>羧化效率>净光合速率>胞间CO_(2)浓度;不同甘薯品种(系)的净光合速率、蒸腾速率与产量性状呈极显著正相关,各光合参数之间也存在不同程度的相关性。通过主成分分析提取的3个主成分特征值均大于1,方差累计贡献率达96.38%;57份甘薯种质资源聚为五个类群,其中类群Ⅲ在净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率、产量性状方面表现突出。【结论】不同甘薯品种(系)的产量性状和光合特性存在着丰富的遗传多样性,类群Ⅲ所包含的万薯9号、徐渝31、遵义烤薯、沿河紫薯、Z1226-11、南充薯、豫薯9号、济薯26、甜蜜17等9个品种(系)可以作为高光效高产甘薯育种材料。【Objective】The yield traits and photosynthetic parameters of sweet potato germplasm resources were studied to screen sweet potato varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency and yield,which can provides parent materials reference for sweet potato breeding with high-light efficiency and yield.【Method】The photosynthetic parameters and yield of 57 sweet potato cultivars(lines)were measured,and their photosynthetic characteristics and yield were comprehensively analyzed by ANOVA,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The yield of sweet potato varieties varied greatly.Among varieties(lines),the number of sweet potato per plant was 1.4-6.8,the yield per plant was 0.24-0.94 kg,and the number of commercial sweet potato per plant was 0.13-0.80 kg.The photosynthetic parameters showed significant differences,as the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.12%to 28.15%,as transpiration efficiency>stomatal conductance>transpiration rate>water use efficiency>cargoxylation efficiency>net photosynthetic rate>C_(i).The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were significantly positively correlated with yield traits.In addition,there were different degrees of correlation among photosynthetic parameters.Through principal component analysis,three principal components were extracted as all eigenvalues were greater than 1,and the cumulative contribution rate of variance reached 96.38%.57 sweet potato germplasm resources could be divided into five groups.Among them,groupsⅢperformed outstandingly in aspects of net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,transpiration rate and yield trait.【Conclusion】Different sweet potato cultivars(lines)existed abundant genetic diversity in yield and photosynthetic characteristics.Nine varieties(or lines)of groupsⅢcan be used as breeding materials for high photosynthetic efficiency and yield.

关 键 词：甘薯 产量性状 光合特性 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]