贵州春玉米产量构成要素和养分积累及利用效率对不同秸秆还田和耕作方式的响应  

Effects of straw returning to field and tillage on nutrient accumulation,use efficiency and yield component factors of spring maize in Guizhou province

作　　者：谢婷婷 肖厚军[1] 陈云梅 胡岗[2] 秦松[1] 赵伦学 何成兴[4] 赵欢[1] XIE Ting-ting;XIAO Hou-jun;CHEN Yun-mei;HU Gang;QIN Song;ZHAO Lun-xue;HE Cheng-xing;ZHAO Huan(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guizhou Farmland Conservation and Agricultural Environment Science Observation and Experimental Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Guiyang 550006,China;College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550006,China;Qianxi County Agriculture and Pastoral Bureau,Qianxi,Guizhou 553000,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550006 [3]黔西县农牧局,贵州黔西553000 [4]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第5期1056-1062,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200705)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究贵州黄壤区适宜的秸秆还田与耕作方式相结合的模式,为指导黄壤区合理的秸秆还田和优化耕作方式提供理论依据。【方法】设置不同的秸秆还田与耕作方式的田间交互试验,研究其对春玉米产量、养分(N、P、K)吸收量、干物质积累量以及肥料利用率等的影响。【结果】秸秆粉碎+旋耕还田处理能优化玉米产量的构成要素,显著增加玉米百粒重,玉米增产21.39%,同时提高玉米各部位对N、P、K的吸收量,表现为N>K>P,以玉米籽粒N吸收量最高,达150.28 kg/hm^(2),差异显著;不同处理玉米的总干物质量提高15.98%~50.40%,以秸秆粉碎+旋耕还田处理最高,达26383 kg/hm^(2);旋耕秸秆粉碎还田能够提高N、P和K的肥料利用率。【结论】秸秆粉碎+旋耕还田更能优化玉米产量构成要素和生物性状等指标,提高玉米各部位对N、P和K养分吸收量,增加干物质积累量,从而达到高产。【Objective】The mode of combining straw returning to field and tillage that suitable for yellow soil area of Guizhou province was explored,which provides theory reference for optimal pattern of straw returning combing tillage in yellow soil area.【Method】The field experiments designed with different strawing mulching and tillage patterns were carried out to study the effects of straw returning and tillage on spring maize yield,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake,dry matter accumulation and soil fertility.【Result】The treatment of straw crushing combing with rotary tillage could optimize the yield component factors,significantly increase the 100-kernel weight and increase the yield by 21.39%.Meanwhile,the N,P,K absorption in different stems of spring maize also were increase,with the absorption rate of N>K>P.The N absorption in maize kernel was the highest,which was 150.28 kg/hm^(2) and reached the significant level.The dry matters were up to 15.98%-50.40% with different treatments,as the straw crushing combing with rotary tillage was the highest with 26383 kg/hm^(2).It showed that straw crushing combing with rotary tillage could improve the fertilizer use efficiency of N,P and K.【Conclusion】Straw crushing combing with rotary tillage returning to the field can better optimize maize yield components and biological characteristics and other indicators,improve the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in maize parts,increase the accumulation of dry matter,so as to achieve high yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作 养分吸收量 土壤肥力 干物质积累 春玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]