粉垄耕作对宁夏银北盐碱地土壤养分及玉米产量的影响  

Effect of Fenlong tillage on soil nutrients and maize yield in saline land of Ningxia Yinbei irrigation area

作　　者：任晓月[1] 陈彦云[1] 梁新华[1] REN Xiao-yue;CHEN Yan-yun;LIANG Xin-hua(School of Life Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第5期1063-1068,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大项目(2019BBF02006);宁夏自然科学基金(2021AAC03112)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对宁夏银北引黄灌区玉米地土壤耕层深度变浅,土壤盐化,玉米产量下降等问题,研究不同粉垄耕作深度对土壤速效养分和玉米产量的影响,筛选出适宜宁夏银北引黄灌区的粉垄耕作技术,实现土壤良性生产。【方法】采用随机区组设计,设置粉垄耕作深度40 cm(FL40:耕作深度0~40 cm)、粉垄耕作深度50 cm(FL50:耕作深度0~60 cm),以传统旋耕(CK:耕作深度0~20 cm)为对照,在玉米不同生育期采集土样分别测定不同粉垄耕作深度处理下土壤含水量、pH、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量以及玉米产量的变化。【结果】不同粉垄深度处理的土壤含水量在玉米不同生育期较传统耕作均存在显著差异。在苗期至灌浆期,FL40均显著高于CK,FL40土壤含水量最高为16.99%,其次为FL50,土壤含水量为16.86%,分别较CK提高6.5%和5.8%;FL40和FL50均可显著降低土壤pH;玉米大喇叭口期FL40和FL50的土壤碱解氮含量显著高于CK,尤以FL40最为明显,经粉垄处理后的土壤碱解氮含量明显增加;在整个生育期FL40和FL50的土壤速效磷的平均含量均高于CK,尤其以FL50最为显著,经粉垄处理后的土壤速效磷含量也明显提高;FL40在玉米生育前期土壤速效钾含量显著高于CK,FL40可有效提高土壤速效钾的含量;FL40和FL50在苗期和大喇叭口期土壤有机质含量均显著高于CK,经粉垄耕作处理后的土壤有机质含量也得到了明显的提高;玉米籽粒的产量构成要素中,FL40和FL50对玉米籽粒的百粒重、穗粒数、667 m^(2)穗数和产量较CK显著增加,以FL40最为显著,较传统耕作产量增加了48.22%;玉米产量与土壤中的碱解氮和速效钾含量呈极显著正相关。【结论】粉垄耕作可有效减低土壤pH,提高土壤含水量,进而提高土壤速效养分和有机质含量,且土壤中的碱解氮和速效钾含量是影响玉米产量的主要因素,最终达到提高玉米产量的效果,所以认为粉�【Objective】The present paper aimed to the problems of shallow soil arable layer depth,soil salinization and reducing maize yield in maize fields in Ningxia Yinbei irrigation area,the effects of different Fenlong tillage depths on soil available nutrients and maize yield were studied to select suitable Ningxia silver the Fenlong tillage technology in the north yellow irrigation area realizes the benign production of the soil.【Method】This experiment adopted a randomized block design,with Fenlong tillage depth 40 cm(FL40:Tillage depth 0-40 cm),Fenlong tillage depth 50 cm(FL50:Tillage depth 0-60 cm)and traditional rotary tillage(CK:Tillage depth 0-20 cm)as a control.Soil samples were collected at different growth stages of maize to determine soil water content,pH,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter content and maize yield under different Fenlong tillage treatments variety.【Result】The soil water content of different Fenlong tillage treatments was significantly different in different growth periods of maize compared with traditional tillage.From the emergence period to the milking period,FL40 was significantly higher than that of CK,and the highest soil water content of FL40 was 16.99%,followed by FL50,the soil water content was 16.86%,which was 6.5%and 5.8%higher than that of CK,respectively;FL40 and FL50 could significantly reduce the soil pH;FL40 and FL50 in the maize jointing and tasseling period had significantly higher soil available nitrogen content than that of CK,especially FL40,the soil available nitrogen content increased significantly after Fenlong tillage treatment;The average content of soil available phosphorus in FL40 and FL50 during the entire growth period was higher than that of CK,especially FL50 was the most significant after Fenlong tillage treatment,and the content of soil available phosphorus was also significantly increased after Fenlong tillage treatment;FL40 had significantly higher soil available potassium content than that of CK in the

关 键 词：粉垄耕作 土壤速效养分 有机质 玉米产量 相关性 

分 类 号：Q945.1[生物学—植物学]