不同水氮处理对南疆复播玉米生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of different water and nitrogen treatment on physiological characteristics and yield of repeated seeding maize in South Xinjiang

作　　者：雷庆元 张旭[1] 朱韬 马亮[1] LEI Qing-yuan;ZHANG Xu;ZHU Tao;MA Liang(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第5期1079-1088,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅青年基金面上项目(2019D01A48);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅重点项目(XJEDU2017I007);新疆维吾尔自治区优秀博士后基金。

摘　　要：【目的】为提高南疆地区复播玉米产量,探索不同水氮梯度下复播玉米生理特性及产量变化。【方法】设置3个灌溉水平分别为复播玉米需水量(ET_(C))的80%(W1)、100%(W2)、120%(W3),4个施氮水平0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)、168 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、306.5 kg/hm^(2)(N2)、444.5 kg/hm^(2)(N3),并以当地水氮施用模式为对照组(CK),分析不同水氮处理对复播玉米株高、叶面积指数(I_(LA))、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、光合速率(A)、蒸腾速率(E)、干物质累积、产量及其构成要素等指标的影响。【结果】灌水量为100%ET_(C)(W2)和306.5 kg/hm^(2)(N2)施氮水平下水氮表现出明显的正交互作用,随着灌水量与施氮量的提高,复播玉米株高、I_(LA)及SPAD随之显著提高。A和E在观测时段内均表现出先增后减的单峰日变化特征,W2N2处理下获得最大A为38.43μmol/(m^(2)·s),最大E为11.09 mmol/(m^(2)·s)。单因素方差分析表明W2N2产量最高,为12914.3 t/hm^(2),比CK高13.7%。【结论】地下浅埋滴灌比传统灌溉方式可以有效促进作物生长发育,且适量施肥可有效提高复播玉米产量,超过阈值则不利于增产。穗长、百粒重和每穗粒数随氮肥投入的增加表现出先增加后减小的趋势,与产量变化规律一致。新疆南部地区灌水量100%ET_(C)、施氮量306.5 kg/hm^(2)是最优水氮组合,可为当地实际生产提供理论依据。【Objective】The study aimed to increase the yield of reseeding maize in southern Xinjiang,and to explore the physiological characteristics and yield changes of reseeding maize under different water and nitrogen gradients.【Method】Three irrigation levels were set at 80%(W1),100%(W2),and 120%(W3)of the crop water requirement(ET_(C)),and four nitrogen application levels were 0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)and 168 kg/hm^(2)(N1),306.5 kg/hm^(2)(N2),444.5 kg/hm^(2)(N3),and taking the local water and nitrogen application mode as the control group(CK),the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the plant height and leaf area index of reseeding maize were analyzed.Leaf area index(I_(LA)),chlorophyll content(SPAD),photosynthetic rate(A),transpiration rate(E),dry matter accumulation,yield and its components.【Result】Water and nitrogen showed a significant positive interaction under the irrigation level of 100% ET_(C)(W2)and 306.5 kg/hm^(2)(N2)nitrogen application.With the increase of irrigation and nitrogen application,the height and I_(LA) of summer maize and SPAD increased significantly and was higher than that of CK.Both A and E showed a single-peak diurnal variation characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing during the observation period.The maximum A obtained under the W2 N2 treatment was 38.43μmol/(m^(2)·s),and the maximum E was 11.09 mmol/(m^(2)·s).ANOVA showed that the yield of W2 N2 reached the highest level,which was 12914.3 t/hm^(2),which was 13.7%higher than that of CK.【Conclusion】Shallow underground drip irrigation can effectively improve crop growth and development than traditional irrigation methods,and proper fertilization can effectively increase the yield of summer maize,but exceeding the threshold is not conducive to increasing yield.Ear length,100-kernel weight and number of grains per ear showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer input,which was consistent with the law of yield change.The optimal water-nitrogen combination i

关 键 词：玉米 光合特性 水氮耦合 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S275.8[农业科学—农业水土工程]