废弃铅锌矿复耕栽桑14年后桑树的镉富集特征  

Cadmium accumulation characteristics of mulberry trees after 14 years of mulberry cultivation in abandoned lead-zinc mines

作　　者：王谢[1,2] 赵兴 上官宇先 林超文[1,2] 秦鱼生 唐甜[1] 郭海霞 张建华[1,2] WANG Xie;ZHAO Xing;SHANGGUAN Yu-xian;LIN Chao-wen;QIN Yu-sheng;TANG Tian;GUO Hai-xia;ZHANG Jian-hua(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Agricultural Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Chengdu 610066,China;Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,成都610066 [2]农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室,成都610066 [3]成都师范学院,成都611130

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第5期1178-1184,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-18);四川省农业科学院前沿学科研究基金(2019QYXK010)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示废弃铅锌矿区复耕后重金属镉在土壤—桑树体系中的转移累积特征。【方法】以废弃的小型铅锌矿区复耕14年的果叶兼用桑园为研究对象,测定桑园内土壤总镉、有效镉含量以及种植的桑树叶片、枝条皮部、枝条木部、茎干皮部、茎干木部、粗根皮部、粗根木部和细根等8个组织器官的镉含量,分析了镉在桑树各组织器官富集和转运的能力。【结果】(1)桑树全株镉的累积量在根系、枝干和叶片上的分配比例约为12∶5∶3。(2)桑树各组织器官的镉浓度差异表现为:细根>枝条皮部>茎干皮部>粗根皮部>叶片>粗根木部>茎干木部>枝条木部,镉含量分别为0.21、0.13、0.11、0.10、0.09、0.04、0.03和0.01 mg/kg,桑树细根和茎干木部镉浓度存在显著性差异,其余组织器官之间差异不显著。(3)桑树各组织器官的镉富集能力表现为:细根>枝条皮部>茎干皮部>叶片>粗根皮部>粗根木部>茎干木部>枝条木部,富集系数分别为1.04、0.87、0.70、0.56、0.53、0.23、0.16和0.08。(4)镉从细根转运到各组织器官的能力表现为:枝条皮部>茎干皮部>叶片>茎干木部>枝条木部,转运系数分别为0.62、0.54、0.41、0.13和0.07。(5)较低的土壤有效镉含量有利于桑树对镉的富集转运。【结论】细根是桑树吸收和富积镉的主要部位,皮部是桑树镉迁移的主要途径。【Objective】The transfer and accumulation characteristics of heavy metal cadmium in soil mulberry system after reclamation in abandoned lead-zinc mining area were revealed.【Method】The mulberry orchard used as the research object in the 14 years of recultivation in the mining area was determined by measuring the leaves,branch bark,branch wood,stem bark,stem wood thick root bark,thick root wood and all fine roots of mulberry trees and total cadmium and available cadmium in soil in mulberry garden.【Result】(i)The distribution ratio of the cadmium accumulation of the whole mulberry plant on the roots,branches and leaves was about 12∶5∶3.(ii)Differences in cadmium content in various tissues and organs of mulberry trees were shown as follows:fine roots>branch bark>stem bark>rough root bark>leaf>rough root wood>stem wood>branch wood.There was significant difference in cadmium concentration between fine roots and stem wood of mulberry,but there was no significant difference among other tissues and organs.The cadmium contents were 0.21,0.13,0.11,0.10,0.09,0.04,0.03 and 0.01 mg/kg.(iii)The cadmium enrichment ability of various tissues and organs of mulberry tree was as follows:fine root>branch bark>stem bark>leaf>rough root bark>rough root wood>stem wood>branch wood.The coefficients were 1.04,0.87,0.70,0.56,0.53,0.23,0.16 and 0.08.(iv)The ability of cadmium to be transported from fine roots to various organs was as follows:shoot bark section>stem bark section>leaf>stem wood section>branch wood section,and the transfer coefficients were 0.62,0.54,0.41,0.13 and 0.07.(v)Low soil available cadmium content was beneficial to the enrichment and transport of cadmium by mulberry trees.【Conclusion】Fine roots are the main part for mulberry to absorb and accumulate cadmium,and the skin is the main way for cadmium migration in mulberry.

关 键 词：复合污染 大田 镉 桑树 皮部 木部 凯氏带 

分 类 号：S888.2[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] X53[农业科学—畜牧兽医]