阿里牦牛经济性状相关遗传标记基因型频率研究  

Genotype frequency identification of SNP markers related to economic trait in Tibet Ali yak

作　　者：张强 洛桑顿珠[1,2] 鲜莉莉 平措占堆 索朗多吉 巴多[3] 旦巴 旦巴加参 支张 巴桑旺堆 ZHANG Qiang;LUOSANG Dun-zhu;XIAN Li-li;PINGCUO Zhan-dui;SUOLANG Duo-ji;BA Duo;DAN Ba;DANBA Jia-can;ZHI Zhang;BASANG Wang-dui(State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Lhasa 850009,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Ali Prefecture,Ali,Tibet 859000,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Aligaize County,Ali,Tibet 859200,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,拉萨850000 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850009 [3]西藏阿里改则县农业农村局,西藏阿里859000 [4]西藏阿里地区农业农村局,西藏阿里859200

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第5期1209-1215,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202001ZY0021N);国家肉年牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：【目的】进一步明确西藏阿里牦牛生态类群(Ali[AL])重要经济性状分子遗传改良潜力。【方法】利用SNaPshot基因分型技术对AL类群内7个已被证实与牦牛生长和泌乳经济性状显著相关的候选SNPs标记的基因型分布进行研究。【结果】在阿里牦牛群体内2个SNP位点(MyoD1_C1710T和ACSL1_G2409A)是中度多态位点(0.25<PIC<0.5),4个SNP位点(ACSL1_A2079T、Hesx1_T226C、TMEM-18_C1267T、TMEM-18_C4447T)为低度多态位点(0.25<PIC<0.5),另外Hesx1-G618C位点在全部个体中均为纯合子(G/G)。除Hesx1-G618C位点外,其他全部位点在阿里牦牛群体内均未显著偏离哈代温伯格平衡(P>0.05)。阿里牦牛群体内与生长相关的标记MyoD1_C1710T和TMEM18_C4447T位点均携带高频率的优势基因型。另外,有17.7419%的阿里牦牛个体在HesxI_T226C位点携带与牦牛12月龄体质量、体高和胸围相关的优势基因型(T/C),有11.2903%个体携带与牦牛产乳量和乳品质相关标记ACSL1_G2409A的优势基因型A/A。【结论】本研究结果表明阿里牦牛在多个已知经济性状相关SNP标记中携带高比例优势基因型,进一步明确了阿里牦牛分子选育遗传改良的潜力,同时为今后牦牛分子育种标记体系建立提供数据参考。【Objective】The purpose of this study was to further clarify the potential of molecular genetic improvement of important economic traits in the ecological group of Ali yak in Tibet(Ali[AL]).【Method】The genotype distribution of 7 candidate SNPs markers in AL group,which have been confirmed to be significantly related to yak growth and lactation economic traits,was studied by SNaPshot genotyping technology.【Results】All loci in the Ali population,2 SNP loci(MyoD1_C1710 T and ACSL1_G2409 A)were moderately polymorphic loci(0.25<PIC<0.5),4 SNP loci(ACSL1_A2079 T,Hesx1_T226 C,TMEM-18_C1267 T,TMEM-18_C1267 T,TMEM-18_C4447 T)was a low polymorphic site(0.25<PIC<0.5),and the Hesx1-G618 C site was homozygous(G/G)in all individuals.Except for the Hesx1-G618 C site,all other sites did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Ali yak population(P>0.05).The growth-related markers MyoD1_C1710 T and TMEM18_C4447 T loci in the Ali yak population both carried high-frequency dominant genotypes.In addition,17.7419%of Ali yak individuals carried the dominant genotype(T/C)at the HesxI_T226 C locus related to yak body weight,body height and chest circumference at 12 months of age,and 11.2903%of the individuals carried markers related to yak milk yield and milk quality predominant genotype A/A of ACSL1_G2409 A.【Conclusion】The results of this study show that Ali yak carries a high proportion of dominant genotypes in several known economic trait-related SNP markers,which further clarifies the genetic improvement potential of Ali yak molecular breeding,and provides a data reference for the establishment of marker systems for molecular breeding of yak in the future.

关 键 词：阿里牦牛 经济性状 单核苷酸多态性 分子标记 优势基因型 

分 类 号：S813[农业科学—畜牧学]