韩愈辟佛及其对中国文化的深层影响  

Han Yu's Refutation to Buddhism and the Deep Impact on Chinese Culture

作　　者：李雪涛[1] LI Xuetao

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学历史学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2022年第3期44-56,156,共14页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：隋唐以来,面对佛教带来的巨大冲击和挑战,作为儒家士大夫代表的韩愈,从夷夏之防、三纲五常、经世济用等方面对佛教展开了猛烈的批判,试图捍卫孔孟之道,恢复“独尊儒术”时期儒学的社会地位。韩愈依据佛教之法统建立了儒家之道统,并借助于佛教之义理创立了儒家之心性学说。正是在韩愈辟佛思想的影响之下,宋明理学开始对作为异质文化的佛教进行了改造和吸收,形成了系统的理学思想。韩愈之辟佛同样影响了16世纪末来华传教的耶稣会士,他们使用辟佛的方法以避免与中国文化全面为敌。同样,中国文化的捍卫者,不论在《破邪集》还是在《圣朝佐辟》中都将天主教置于“夷”的位置,与之进行论辩。从宗教批判是宗教赖以存在和发展的动力方面来看,韩愈之辟佛为中国文化留下了丰富的遗产。With the coming of the enormous impacts and challenges that Buddhism brought to Tang Dynasty since Sui Dynasty,Han Yu,as a representative of Confucianism scholar-bureaucrats,attempted to defend the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius and regain the social status of Confucianism as the Only Ideology,and hence inveighed against Buddhism from the points of views like the Limits between the Yi ethnic minorities and Han people,the Three Cardinal Guides and Five Constant Virtues and Knitting Studies and its Practical Use for Society together,etc.Han Yu set up the Confucian orthodoxy in accordance with the Dharma Authority of Buddhism,and created the theory of temperament of Confucianism by drawing lessons from the ethical morality of Buddhism.It is just with the influence of his refutation of Buddhism that the thought of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties began to reform and absorb Buddhism as a heterogenetic culture and construct a systematic Neo・Confucianism thought.The refutation also affected the Jesuits who came to China to preach in the end of 16th century.The Jesuits used the measure of refuting Buddhism to avoid completely becoming the enemy of Chinese culture.Simultaneously,defenders of Chinese culture still treated Catholicism as Yi-ethnic minorities'religious culture and debated with the Jesuits,which shows in the two books of Breaking Unconventional Opinions and Shengchao Zuo Pi.According to the viewpoint that Religious critique is motivation of existence and development for religions,Han Yu's refutation of Buddhism leaves a lot for Chinese culture.

关 键 词：韩愈 辟佛 禅宗法统 道统 儒学 理学思想 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]