《春秋左传注》“荆尸”解志疑  

Queries to Annotations on Jingshi in Exegesis on Chunqiu Zuozhuan

作　　者：刘长东[1] Liu Changdong

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610044

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2022年第3期57-74,156,157,共20页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：《左传》庄四年有“春王三月,楚武王荆尸”,宣十二年有“荆尸而举”句。于豪亮解荆尸为楚月名,杨伯峻虽引于说,然未从之,而先后解为楚陈兵之法、指军事之动词。此外,学界尚有他说四五种。杨及持他说者所以未从于说者,以于说含出兵之时与楚月之时之乖迕,且《左传》无连言月名之理等故也。而据春秋用兵时月之避择及其所本历法、春秋前期楚历之建正、庄四年与宣十二年之岁首斗建及置闰等,可推得《左传》之二荆尸与同期楚历荆尸之月建及周月之斗建、用兵避择之说皆相符契,并无差殊。而“王三月”与“荆尸”所以连言月名者,当由《左传》之材料来源、编年体例与史法、用意等所致,荆尸之为月名未必即赘文。故荆尸作楚月名解,义长于他说。In Zuozhuan,there are two statements-One is that in the 4th Year of Zhuanggong・In Spring,the third month in Emperor Zhou's Calendar,Jingshi of King Wu of Chu State;and the other is that-In the 12th Year of Xuangong,sent out troops in Jingshi.Yu Haoliang interprets Jingshi as a name of a month in Chu calendar.Although Yang Bojun quoted Yu Haoliang's explanation,he didn't follow it,instead,he interpreted Jingshi as a method of deploying troops,Jingshi refers to a military verb.Besides these,there are four or five explanations of Jingshi in academic circle.The reason that Yang Bojun and other scholars didn't agree with Yu Haoliang is because there exists a conflict between the time of sending out troops and the month in Chu calendar in Yu Haoliang's interpretation,and it is unwarrantable to enumerate the names of months continuously.According to the choices and avoidances of the times and months to deploy troops,the fundamental calendar,the datum point of Chu calendar in the earlier stage of Chunqiu,the establishment of the beginning of the year based on Great Bear Big Dipper and the embolism in the 4th Year of Zhuanggong and the 12th Year of Xuangong,etc.,we can deduce that the two Jingshi in Zuozhuan tally with the monthly order of the Jingshi month in contemporaneous Chu calendar,the Dipper monthly order of Emperor Zhou's calendar and the choices and avoidances of the times for deploying troops,and there is no differences among them.The reason that Zuozhuan records the third month in Emperor Zhou's calendar and also mentions the Jingshi month in Chu calendar simultaneously is caused by the resource of writing materials of Zuozhuan,its chronological style,the historical methods and its intentions.Therefore,that Jingshi is the name of a month may not be a redundancy,but is superior to other interpretations.

关 键 词：《春秋左传注》 荆尸 楚月名 楚历 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]