基于情景规划的国家公园气候变化应对:美国经验及对中国的启示  

Addressing Climate Change in National Parks Based on Scenario Planning: American Experience and Implications for China

作　　者：贺利平 钟乐 邱文 唐佳乐 HE Liping;ZHONG Le;QIU Wen;TANG Jiale

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学园林与艺术学院,南昌330045 [2]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国园林》2022年第4期38-43,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号2662020YLQD003)资助。

摘　　要：应对气候变化已成为全球共识,国家公园和自然保护地既是应对气候变化的重要阵地,也是受气候变化影响的敏感区域,但中国目前的研究和实践均还较薄弱,亟须借鉴域外经验。系统梳理了美国国家公园体系中,气候变化对自然、文化和社区的影响,概述了美国国家公园管理局的气候变化应对行动,指出情景规划是重要的气候变化应对工具。总结了美国国家公园在气候变化中开展情景规划的流程,提炼其规划特征,并以魔鬼塔国家纪念区为案例,详析其情景规划实践过程。在此基础上,总结了中国国家公园及体制试点区可能面临的气候变化风险,对比了情景规划与传统规划的区别,明确目前推广条件的欠缺,指出应逐步推广情景规划,并从实现科研储备、奠定实践基础、建立规划体系三方面提出可能的路径,对中国开展国家公园和自然保护地应对气候变化的相关工作具有借鉴意义。It has become a global consensus to cope with climate change. National parks and nature reserves are both important sites for addressing climate change and also sensitive areas affected by climate change. China’s current researches and practices are still lacking and urgently need to learn from overseas experience. The article systematically reviews the impacts of climate change on nature,culture, and communities in the U.S. National Park System, introduces the climate change response actions of the U.S. National Park Service,and points out that scenario planning is an important climate change response tool. It also summarizes the scenario planning process of the U.S.national parks in climate change, extracts its planning characteristics, and uses Devil’s Tower National Monument as a case to analyze its scenario planning practice process in detail. On this basis, the paper summarizes the possible climate change risks faced by Chinese national parks and national park pilot areas, compares the differences between scenario planning and forecast planning, clarifes the lack of current promotion conditions, points out that scenario planning should be promoted gradually, and proposes possible specifc paths in three aspects: realizing scientifc research reserves, laying practical foundation, and establishing planning system. It has implications for China’s eforts to address climate change in national parks and nature reserves.

关 键 词：风景园林 国家公园 自然保护地 气候变化 情景规划 生物多样性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]