基于高频雷达的铁路碎石道床状态表征指标研究  

Research on State Characterization Index of Railway Ballast Bed Based on High Frequency Radar

作　　者：王石磊 彭湛 李明 王光辉 许永贤 WANG Shilei;PENG Zhan;LI Ming;WANG Guanghui;XU Yongxian(Infrastructure Inspection Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Track,Communication&Signaling and Power Supply,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China;Track Maintenance Department,China Railway Beijing Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100860,China;Railway Infrastructure Inspection Center,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基础设施检测研究所,北京100081 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司工电部,北京100844 [3]中国铁路北京局集团有限公司工务部,北京100860 [4]中国国家铁路集团有限公司铁路基础设施检测中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2022年第3期8-16,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2019YJ159)。

摘　　要：为量化评估铁路碎石道床状态,采用高频雷达测试系统分别采集有砟轨道线路洁净道床和脏污道床数据并分析其雷达信号时频特性,基于雷达原始信号设计频谱域积分面积、扫描区域面积、时间轴交叉数、时域拐点数和希尔伯特变换后幅值包络5个道床状态表征指标,并进行指标有效性及敏感性分析。结果表明:高频雷达测试碎石道床枕底探测厚度达55 cm,满足道床检测需求;相对洁净道床,脏污道床5个指标均存在变大现象,5个指标均可有效表征道床状态;希尔伯特变换后幅值包络计算效率为140 s·km^(-1),其他指标计算效率为5 s·km^(-1);在路基段及隧道段希尔伯特变换后幅值包络最为敏感,其次是扫描区域面积;在桥梁段时间轴交叉数最为敏感,其次是扫描区域面积;扫描区域面积能够适应路基、桥梁、隧道等不同的线下结构类型,综合敏感性较高。In order to quantitatively evaluate the state of railway ballast bed,the high-frequency radar test system was used to collect the data of clean track bed and fouling track bed of ballasted track line respectively,and the time-frequency characteristics of radar signals were analyzed.Based on the original radar signal,five indexes were designed to characterize the state of ballast bed,including the integral area of frequency domain,the area of scanning,the cross number of time axis,the inflection point number of time domain,and the amplitude envelope after Hilbert transform,and the effectiveness and sensitivity of the indexes were analyzed.The results show that the detected thickness of ballast bed from the tie bottom is 55 cm with high frequency radar test,which meets the requirements of track bed detection.Compared with the clean track bed,the five indexes of fouling track bed all increase,and the five indexes can effectively characterize the track bed state.The calculation efficiency of amplitude envelope after Hilbert transform is 140 s·km^(-1)and that of other indexes are 5 s·km^(-1).The amplitude envelope after Hilbert transform is the most sensitive in the subgrade and tunnel section,followed by the area of scanning.In the bridge section,the cross number of time axis is the most sensitive,followed by the area of scanning.The area of scanning can adapt to such different types of substructure as subgrade,bridge and tunnel,which has high comprehensive sensitivity.

关 键 词：有砟轨道 碎石道床 高频雷达 测试 时频特性 表征指标 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]