燃油种类对重型柴油机喷雾特性的影响规律  

The influence of fuel types on the spray characteristics of heavy diesel engines

作　　者：李耀宗 胡泽祥 白洪林 张晓琴 张世堂 王占广 LI Yaozong;HU Zexiang;BAI Honglin;ZHANG Xiaoqin;ZHANG Shitang;WANG Zhanguang(Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Machinery and Vehicle, Beijing 100812, China;China North Engine Research Institute, Tianjin 300400, China;People′s Liberation Army 92228 Troop, Beijing 100072, China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]中国北方发动机研究所,天津300400 [3]解放军92228部队,北京100072

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2022年第5期713-721,共9页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

摘　　要：为了研究商用及军用柴油对特种车辆重型柴油机冷启动及燃油适应性的影响规律,本文利用定容燃烧弹控制背压、背温,利用高速摄影法拍摄喷雾图像等,研究了2种商用燃料(TYRL柴油、MGP5柴油)及一种军用燃料(-10号军用柴油)的喷雾特性随柴油机上止点温度和压力的变化规律。结果表明:3种燃油的喷雾贯穿距随背压增大而减小,随背温增加,先增大后减小;喷雾锥角随背压增加而增大,随背温增加而减小。在低背温低背压工况下,3种燃料的贯穿距离基本一致,但在高背温700 K和高背压6 MPa工况下,轻质柴油由于表面张力小,贯穿距离相对较小,表明轻质柴油的燃油雾化程度更高;此外,商用柴油与军用柴油在喷雾贯穿距和锥角上的差别较大(约为4%和3.5°),因此在实际应用时需要修正和优化喷油策略以及点火时刻,以达到柴油机最优性能。Analyzing and comparing the spray characteristics of commercial and military diesel is of great significance to improve the cold-start characteristics and fuel adaptability of heavy-duty diesel engines for special vehicles.The paper uses constant volume combustion bomb and high-speed photography to compare the spray characteristics of two commercial fuels(TYRL diesel,MGP5 diesel)and a military fuel(-10 military diesel)with the variation of the top dead center temperature and pressure of the diesel engine.The research results show that the spray penetration distance of the three fuels decreases with the increase of back pressure,first increases and then decreases with the increase of back temperature;the spray cone angle increases with the increase of back pressure,and decreases with the increase of back temperature.small.Under low back temperature and low back pressure conditions,the penetration distances of the three fuels are basically the same.However,under back temperature and high back pressure conditions,the penetration distance of light diesel is relatively small due to the small surface tension,indicating that the penetration distance of light diesel is relatively small.The degree of fuel atomization is higher;in addition,the difference in spray penetration and cone angle between commercial diesel and military diesel is about 4%and 3.5°.Therefore,it is necessary to modify and optimize the fuel injection strategy and ignition timing in practical applications to achieve Optimal performance of diesel engine.

关 键 词：商用柴油 军用柴油 定容燃烧弹 高速摄影法 喷雾贯穿距 喷雾锥角 冷启动 燃料适应性 

分 类 号：TK428.9[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]