日本居家安宁疗护服务体系构建经验及其对我国的启示  

Development of the Home-based Hospice Care System in Japan:Experience and Significance to China

作　　者：刘兰秋[1] 赵越[1] LIU Lanqiu;ZHAO Yue(School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学医学人文学院,北京市100069

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2022年第19期2320-2324,共5页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21STA052)——《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》实施中的关键法律问题研究。

摘　　要：21世纪的日本“少子高龄化”特征明显,发展居家安宁疗护、构建完备的居家安宁疗护服务体系,是日本卫生服务提供体制改革的重要方向。本文介绍了日本居家安宁疗护的含义与理念,以及关于居家安宁疗护服务提供机构、提供人员、提供内容及费用保障的法律规定,提示我国在条件成熟时应尽快健全安宁疗护相关立法,在卫生服务提供体系框架下实现居家安宁疗护的稳定发展,建立并强化安宁疗护过程中的协作机制,并为居家安宁疗护提供必要的经费保障,通过完善的制度设计保障老年人“居家善终”的权益。In the 21st century,Japan has carried out hospice care services,and developed a sound home-based hospice care system to address the social issues of"fewer children,more older people".And the development of the system is also a key part of Japan's healthcare provision system reform.We introduced Japan's home-based hospice care in terms of concept and ideas,provision institutions,providers and service profile,as well as laws ensuring corresponding imbursement,and put forward the following recommendations for the development of home-based hospice care and for the protection of rights and interests of older people to pass away at home via a sound system design in China:improving the laws about hospice care under appropriate conditions,stably developing home-based hospice care during the implementation of the current healthcare provision system,establishing and improving a collaborative mechanism in providing hospice care,and providing essential financial support for the development of home-based hospice care.

关 键 词：临终关怀和姑息治疗护理 健康老龄化 国家医疗卫生体系 基本医疗卫生服务 日本 

分 类 号：R473.51[医药卫生—护理学] R197[医药卫生—临床医学]