韩国安宁疗护立法经验及其对我国的启示  

Hospice Care Legislation in South Korea and Its Implications for China

作　　者：刘兰秋[1] 赵越[1] LIU Lanqiu;ZHAO Yue(School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学医学人文学院,北京市100069

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2022年第19期2325-2329,2335,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21STA052)——《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》实施中的关键法律问题研究。

摘　　要：韩国于2016年制定了《关于临终关怀·缓和医疗及临终期患者的延命医疗决定的法案》(简称《安宁疗护法》),该法明确了安宁疗护的含义与前提,规定了国家和政府在安宁疗护发展中的责任和义务,搭建了韩国安宁疗护服务体系的框架,对推进韩国安宁疗护事业发展、保护终末期患者的善终权益具有重要意义。本文通过介绍韩国《安宁疗护法》的主要内容及其实施后取得的成效,旨在为推进我国安宁疗护立法工作提供建议。我国宜明确安宁疗护的权利属性,在条件成熟时制定安宁疗护单行法,构建政府主导型的安宁疗护体系,肯定“无效医疗”的理念,并规定安宁疗护服务利用的流程,以为安宁疗护事业的改革创新和高质量发展提供全方位、精细化的法治保障,进而助力实现终末期患者的健康临终。The Act on Decisions on Life-sustaining Treatment for Patients in Hospice and Palliative Care or at the End of Life(hereinafter referred to as the Hospice Care Act)enacted by South Korea in 2016,clearly defines the definition of hospice care and the premise of implementing hospice care,stipulates the hospice care responsibilities and liabilities for the country's government,and sets up the framework of the hospice care system,which is of great significance to promote the development of hospice care and to protect the rights and interests of passing away peacefully in end-of-life patients in South Korea.We introduced the main contents of the Hospice Care Act,and the achievements obtained in South Korea since its implementation,aiming at providing insights into the promotion of hospice care legislation in China.To provide an all-round and refined legal protection for hospice care reform,innovation and high-quality development in China to support healthy dying in end-of-life patients,we put forward the following recommendations:clarifying the rights for hospice care patients,enacting specific regulations on hospice care when conditions are ripe,building a government-led hospice care system,affirming the concept of ineffective medical treatment,and stipulating the process of utilization of hospice care.

关 键 词：临终关怀和姑息治疗护理 立法 经验 健康临终 韩国 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R473.51[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]