英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务模式及其对我国的启示  

The Model of Community Home-based Hospice Care Delivery in the United Kingdom and the United States and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：赵越[1] 刘兰秋[1] ZHAO Yue;LIU Lanqiu(School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学医学人文学院,北京市100069

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2022年第19期2330-2335,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21STA052)——《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》实施中的关键法律问题研究。

摘　　要：社区居家安宁疗护服务是安宁疗护服务的重要组成部分,以社区居家安宁疗护服务为中心是安宁疗护服务发展的方向。英国与美国作为开展社区居家安宁疗护服务较早的国家,在社区居家安宁疗护服务的患者准入标准、服务团队与服务内容、经费保障等方面都积累了较为丰富的经验,也建立起了相对健全的社区居家安宁疗护服务体系。我国可适当借鉴英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务的发展经验,制定适合我国的社区居家安宁疗护服务的患者准入标准,加强多学科安宁疗护团队建设,将非药物疗法纳入社区居家安宁疗护服务范畴,实行按床日付费的支付方式,使疾病终末期患者能在其熟悉的环境中安详、有尊严地离世,保障其善终权益。Community home-based hospice care service plays an important role in hospice care service.Focusing on community home-based hospice care is the future direction of hospice care service development.As the early countries to develop community home-based hospice care delivery,the United Kingdom and the United States have accumulated rich experience in patient admission standard,service team and content,and funding guarantee of community home-based hospice care delivery,a relatively sound community home-based hospice care delivery system has been established in these two countries.China can appropriately learn from the development experience of community home-based hospice care in the United Kingdom and the United States,in order to formulate the admission standards of community home-based hospice care,strengthen the construction of multidisciplinary hospice care teams,incorporate the non-drug therapy into the scope of community home-based hospice care,implement the payment method of per-diem,so that the patients can die peacefully and dignifiedly in a familiar environment with their hospice rights protected.

关 键 词：临终关怀和姑息治疗护理 卫生保健改革 健康老龄化 国家医疗卫生体系 基本医疗卫生服务 英国 美国 

分 类 号：R473.51[医药卫生—护理学]