死刑废除立法实践及其启示  

Legislative Practice of the Abolition of the Death Penalty and its Implications

作　　者：高永明 孙元杰 GAO Yongming;SUN Yuanjie(Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《山西警察学院学报》2022年第2期13-22,共10页Journal of Shanxi Police College

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“情感的刑事司法功能研究”(20BFX007)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：死刑废除前后的2014到2020年研究统计期内,盗窃类犯罪率持续稳定、金融票据类犯罪和走私类犯罪的犯罪率明显上升,这主要是外部收益因素(外因型)影响所致,死刑废除对盗窃类犯罪、金融票据类犯罪、走私类犯罪等的犯罪率走势均没有产生明显影响。在死刑废除前后,组织卖淫罪犯罪率上升、强迫卖淫罪犯罪率下降源于刑罚内部死刑废除(内因型)导致的刑罚威慑力下降。死刑废除前后的一定时间内,犯罪率小幅度缓升、平稳或者整体下降,则说明相关罪名的死刑废除没有问题。我国死刑废除实践的启示在于:应防止因短期内犯罪率恶性变化导致的立法公信力损害;内因型罪名应成为我国下阶段死刑废除的首选,低频率出现的罪名应优先于高频率罪名而废除死刑;同时应提升民众对死刑废除的接受程度。During the statistical study period from 2014 to 2020,before and after the abolition of the death penalty,the crime rates of theft crimes continued to be stable,and the crime rates of financial instrument crimes and smuggling crimes increased significantly,which were mainly due to the influence of external gain factors(exogenous type).The abolition of the death penalty did not significantly impact the crime rate trends of theft crimes,financial instrument crimes,and smuggling crimes.Before and after the abolition of the death penalty,the crime rate of organizing prostitution increased,and the crime rate of forced prostitution decreased due to the decrease in the deterrent effect of punishment caused by the abolition of the death penalty within the penalty(endogenous type).The small slow rise,stable or overall decrease of crime rate in a certain period before and after the abolition of the death penalty indicates that the abolition of the death penalty for the relevant crimes is not a problem.The insights of China's death penalty abolition practice are as follows:the damage to legislative credibility caused by vicious changes in crime rates in the short term should be prevented;endogenous crimes should be the first choice for death penalty abolition in China in the next stage,and low-frequency crimes should be abolished in preference to high-frequency crimes;meanwhile,the public's acceptance of death penalty abolition should be enhanced.

关 键 词：死刑废除 犯罪率 立法启示 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]