不同降水强度等级和坡度下水土保持措施减流减沙效益研究  

Runoff and Sediment Reduction Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation Measures under Different Precipitation Intensity Grades and Slopes

作　　者：任正龑 张栋 杨志 马文涛 REN Zhengyan;ZHANG Dong;YANG Zhi(Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Soil and Water Conversation Monitoring Station,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002,China;Yellow River Upper and Middle Reaches Administration,YRCC,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区水土保持监测总站,宁夏银川750002 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2022年第6期40-43,I0001,共4页Soil and Water Conservation in China

摘　　要：基于宁夏海原县树台水土保持试验站的20个径流小区2014—2019年连续6年的观测数据,对5°、10°、15°、20°和25°五种坡度在不同降水强度等级(中雨、大雨和暴雨)下的产流产沙进行统计分析,量化不同降水强度等级和坡度下水土保持措施的减流减沙效益。结果表明:中雨、大雨和暴雨是该地区发生频次较高的侵蚀性降雨类型,且集中发生于7—8月;所有土地利用类型的产流产沙量均表现为暴雨>大雨>中雨,裸地呈现最高的产流产沙量,且均随坡度的增加而增加;4种水土保持措施中人工乔木林地和人工灌木林地的减流减沙效益最高,减流效益在0.8附近波动,减沙效益接近1,在坡度15°时人工乔木林地的减流减沙效益最高,在坡度20°和25°时人工灌木林地减流效益最高,减沙效益与人工乔木林地相当;与中雨和大雨相比,暴雨条件下4种措施的减流效益均降低,减沙效益变化不明显。Based on the observation data of 20 runoff plots of Shutai Station in Haiyuan County of Ningxia for 6 consecutive years from 2014 to2019,the paper conducted statistical analysis on runoff ad sediment yields with five slopes of 5°,10°,15°,20° and 25° under the different precipitation intensity grades of moderate rain,heavy rain and rainstorm and quantified the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of soil and water conservation measures under different precipitation intensity grades and slopes. The outcomes show that a) the moderate rain,heavy rain and rainstorm are erosive rainfall types with high frequency in the area and it mainly occurs from July to August;b) The runoff and sediment yields of all land use types show rainstorm>heavy rain>moderate rain. Bare land shows the highest runoff and sediment yields and all increase with the increase of slope;c) Among the four soil and water conservation measures,the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of artificial arbor forest land and artificial shrub forest land are the highest. The runoff reduction benefit fluctuates around 0.8 and the benefit of sediment reduction is close to 1. When the slope is 15°,the benefits of runoff and sediment reduction of artificial arbor forest land are the highest. The runoff reduction benefit of artificial shrub land is the highest when the slope is 20° and 25° and the benefit of sediment reduction is equivalent to that of artificial arbor forest land and;d) Compared with moderate rain and heavy rain,the runoff reduction benefits of the four measures are reduced under the conditions of rainstorm,but the change of sediment reduction benefit is not obvious.

关 键 词：降水强度等级 坡度 减流减沙效益 黄土高原地区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]