黄瓜未授粉子房离体培养条件的优化及植株再生  

Optimization of in vitro culture conditions from cucumber unfertilized ovary and plant regeneration

作　　者：曹冰东 付文苑 唐兵 陶莲[2] 王青青 归俊娥 滕九翠 李魁印[4] 邓英[2] 孟平红[2] CAO Bingdong;FU Wenyuan;TANG Bing;TAO Lian;WANG Qingqing;GUI June;TENG Jiucui;LI Kuiyin;DENG Ying;MENG Pinghong(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Institute of Horticulture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,Guizhou,China;College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Anshun University,Guizhou Province,Anshun 561000,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵阳550006 [3]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025 [4]贵州省安顺学院,贵州安顺561000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2022年第5期8-16,共9页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：贵州省农科字资源专项(黔农科院种质资源〔2022〕03号);国家自然科学基金(31460515);贵州省蔬菜现代农业产业技术体系项目(GZCYTX2022-01);贵州省基层农业技术体系改革与建设补助项目(黔农办发[2021]11号);贵阳市蔬菜种质资源研究中心建设项目(筑科合同[2021]5-1号);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教科合KY字[2017]284号);蔬菜根结线虫病绿色防治、抗病基因(Mi)分子标记及科技扶贫培训项目(安市科农[2018]20号)。

摘　　要：为优化黄瓜未授粉子房培养高频胚诱导体系,以9个不同黄瓜基因型为试材,对影响未授粉子房培养胚发生和植株再生的因素进行研究,并对再生植株的倍性和同质性进行检测。结果表明,不同基因型之间出胚率差异显著,其中SG033出胚率最高,达95.93%,SG035出胚率最低,为8.15%;杂交种的胚胎发生能力显著高于产胚能力弱的亲本。在不同因素组合的处理中,处理11(秋季播种,定植于塑料大棚,盛花期取样,以开花前1 d的未授粉子房为外植体,4℃预冷处理4 d,接种于诱导培养基MS+0.08 mg·L^(-1)TDZ+30 g·L^(-1)蔗糖+7 g·L^(-1)琼脂,35℃热激暗处理2 d)的出胚率最高,比处理6、14、3分别提高了12.96%、30.00%、30.74%。采用形态学观察、流式细胞检测和SSR验证再生植株,分别获得了单倍体、二倍体、双单倍体及三倍体。综上所述,将产胚困难的黄瓜材料与产胚能力强的材料杂交后,用处理11进行子房培养能明显提高低出胚材料的诱导率。To optimize the system of high frequency embryo induction for unfertilized ovary culture in cucumber,a total of 9 different genotypes were used as the experimental materials to study the factors that affecting the embryogenesis from unfertilized ovary and plant regeneration in cucumber.In addition,the ploidy and homozygosity of regenerated plants were evaluated.The results showed that the frequency of embryogenesis was significantly different among genotypes.The highest embryo induction rate was from genotype SG033,reaching 95.93%,the lowest embryo induction rate was from SG035 at 8.15%.The embryogenesis ability of hybrids was significantly higher than weaker parent.The embryo induction rate was the highest for treatment number 11(Autumn sowing,planting in plastic greenhouse,explants collected at flowering stage,unfertilized ovary harvested 1 day before flowering,pretreated at 4℃for 4 days,inoculated on induction medium MS+0.08 mg·L^(-1) TDZ+30 g·L^(-1) Sucrose+7 g·L^(-1)Agar,and heat shock at 35℃in dark treatment for 2 days),12.96%,30.00%and 30.74%higher than the treatments of 6,14 and 3,respectively.Morphological observation,flow cytometry assay and SSR analysis showed that the regenerated plants were haploid,diploid,double haploid and triploid.In conclusion,the embryogenesis of low responsive genotype could be significantly improved with treatment 11 after crossed with genotype with strong embryogenesis ability.

关 键 词：黄瓜 未授粉子房 再生植株 体系优化 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]