不同带距防护林网及林网中不同植被防风效能的风洞模拟  

Wind Tunnel Simulation of Windbreak Efficiency of Shelterbelts with Different Spaces and Vegetations

作　　者：桑巴叶 阿通古丽·买买提 陈启民 SANG Ba-ye;Atongguli·Maimaiti;CHEN Qi-min(Institute of Afforestation and Sand Control Research,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science,Urumqi 830063,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Jinghe Desert Ecosystem Research Station,Jinghe 833300,Xinjiang,China;Research Center of Korla Pear,Korla 841000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学研究院造林治沙研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆精河荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆精河833300 [3]库尔勒市香梨研究中心,新疆库尔勒814000

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2022年第3期57-63,132,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201304714);自治区林业科技项目;自治区林业发展补助资金项目。

摘　　要：为揭示不同带距林网和林网内植被对防护林网内风速分布及防风效能的影响,选取3种带距林带、3种不同植被和裸地(对照)林网模型,对其防风效能进行了风洞模拟试验。结果表明,在同一风速下,3种带距林网最低风速基本都出现在5.5~7.5 H(树高),3种带距林网平均防护效能排序为200 m带距林网(70.9%)>300 m带距林网(64.1%)>150 m带距林网(60.7%);林带有效防护距离分别为150 m带距林网4 H至第2道林带,200 m带距和300 m带距林网3 H至第2道林带。3组试验风速下,300 m带距林网1 cm高度处平均防风效能排序为果树模式>小麦模式>对照;种植果树模式整个林网受到有效防护,小麦模式有效防护距离为2 H至第2道林带。随着集约化和精准农业推进,进行农田防护林网配置时,应充分考虑林网所处地理位置,绿洲内部采用300 m带距防护林,绿洲外围考虑带距较小的防护林。如对高大果树类作物进行农田防护林网配置时,可适当调整林网大小,合理配置林带结构,增加作物种植面积,减少林带用地,从而提高经济效益。The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of forest nets with different belt spacings and vegetations on wind speed distribution and windbreak efficiency in shelter-belt nets.Wind tunnel simulation test was conducted on the windbreak efficiency of forest network models with 3 belt spacings,3 kinds of vegetations and bare land(control).The results showed that under the same wind speed,the minimum wind speed of 3 belt spacings basically appeared in 5.5~7.5 H.The order of the average protection efficiency of the forest networks with 3 belt spaces was 200(70.9%)>300 m(64.1%)>150 m(60.7%).The effective protection distance was 150 m belt from the forest net 4 H of the second forest belt,200 m belt from the forest net and 300 m belt from the forest net 3 H of the second forest belt.Under 3 experimental wind speeds,the order of average windbreak efficiency at 1 cm height was fruit tree model>wheat model>control.The whole forest network was effectively protected by planting fruit trees,and the effective protection distance of wheat model was from 2 H to the second forest belt.With the promotion of intensive and precision agriculture,we suggested that the geographical location of the shelterbelt network should be fully considered while configuring the farmland shelterbelt network.The shelterbelts with the distance of 300 m were recommended in the oasis,and the shelterbelts with smaller belt distance should be considered in the periphery of the oasis.The size and structure of the shelterbelt net should be adjusted and arranged reasonably when the shelterbelt nets of tall and big fruit crops are configured.Increasing crop planting area and reducing forest land will increase the economic benefits.

关 键 词：防护林 植被覆盖 防风效能 风洞 

分 类 号：S727.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]