中国农民政治认同百年运演的规律与经验  

The Law and Experience of Chinese Peasants Political Identity in the Past 100 Years

作　　者：张茜 徐家林 ZHANG Qian;XU Jialin

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政治学与公共管理学院/马克思主义学院,上海201620

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期46-55,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基层民众对乡镇干部认同的差异与取向研究”(15BZZ033)。

摘　　要：百年来,中国农民的政治认同随着中国社会发展而变化,在不同的历史时期表现出不同的阶段性特征。农民政治认同主要围绕其利益而形成,土地始终是农民政治认同形成与提升的关键:土地革命唤起了农民的觉醒和对新民主主义革命的支持;土地改革使农民的政治认同进一步建立起来;以家庭联产承包责任制为核心的农村经济体制改革、农业税费取消和政府职能转变使农民政治认同得以重建;脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴和农村公共服务建设又使农民政治认同大幅提升。在农民政治认同形成和变化过程中,政治环境、经济制度、社会政策、干部作风等都是重要的影响因素,但最根本的还是其利益保障和诉求实现。随着中国社会的进一步发展,特别是民主法治建设的加快和服务型政府建设的加强,农民的政治认同取向逐渐从情感认同、单向服从、权威服从向理性认同、双向支持、法理认同转变。The political identity of contemporary Chinese peasants has changed with the development of Chinese society,showing different phase characteristics in different historical periods.Land Reform established the political identity of peasants,the Collectivization of Agriculture reduced it,the Rural Reform in the new era led to its tortuous development,Fighting Against Poverty and Revitalization of the Countryside greatly improved it.In the process of the formation and change of peasants’political identity,political environment,economic system,social policies and cadres’style of work are all important factors,but the most fundamental thing is the protection of their interests and the realization of their demands.With the further development of the Chinese society,especially the acceleration of the construction of democracy and the rule of law and the strengthening of service-oriented government,the orientation of peasants’political identity has shifted from emotional identity,one-way obedience,and authority obedience to rational identity,two-way support and legal identity.

关 键 词：农民政治认同 理性认同 法理认同 双向支持 

分 类 号：D619[政治法律—政治学]