中国社会建设话语体系建构——以民生和治理为两翼  

Constructing a Discourse System for Social Construction in China——From the Perspective of People’s livelihood and Governance

作　　者：童星[1,2] Tong Xing(School of Government,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院 [2]南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2022年第2期3-15,F0002,共14页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金社科学术社团项目“全面建成小康社会与民生保障制度体系建设研究”(20STA051)。

摘　　要：西方学界形成了一整套多视角的社会建设话语体系,如结构视角、政策视角、价值视角等。由于它们缺少对中国国情复杂性的体验、对中西话语内涵差异性的认知和对中国社会建设的连续性观察,并不能为中国社会建设实践提供指引。将中国历史传统资源和当今社会建设实践相比对,可以发现“民生”和“治理”如同两条红线贯穿始终。它们作为中国社会建设话语体系的“两翼”,分别揭示了社会建设的目标和工具。在“温饱-小康-富裕”的中国现代化进程中,民生和治理演化、互动,先后形成温饱目标下经济民生工具为主导、小康社会目标下共建共治共享为主导、共同富裕目标下现代国家治理为主导等三个组合形态,从而形塑出中国社会建设话语体系的结构。民生价值指向共同富裕,治理工具指向共同体建设,二者殊途同归,都通往“大同”社会。贯穿中国历史两千多年的“小康”和“大同”思想,仍然具有当代价值和世界意义。Western academia has formed a whole set of multi-perspective social construction discourse systems,including structural,policy and value perspectives.Since these discourse systems lack the experience of the complexity of China’s national conditions,the recognition of the differences between the connotations of Chinese and Western discourses,and the continuous observation of China’s social construction,they cannot provide guidance for China’s social construction practice.Considering China’s history and tradition,as well as the current practice of social construction,we can find that"People’s livelihood"and"Governance"are like two threads running through the whole process.As the"two wings"of China’s social construction discourse system,they reveal the goals and tools of social construction respectively.In the modernization process of"Subsistence-Well-off-Common Prosperity"in China,people’s livelihood and governance evolve and interact,successively leading to three combinations:focusing on economic development with the goal of satisfying basic subsistence needs;focusing on collaboration,participation,and common interests with the goal of a well-off society;and focusing on modern state governance with the goal of common prosperity.Thus,the structure of China’s social construction discourse system is shaped.The values of people’s livelihood point to common prosperity,and the tools of governance point to community building,both of which lead to the"Great Harmony"society.The ideas of"Well-off"and"Great Harmony",which have existed in China’s history for more than two thousand years,still have contemporary value and global significance.

关 键 词：社会建设 话语体系 民生 治理 小康 大同 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]