论我国社会救助法中的制度兜底功能  

On the Safety Net Function of the System in China’s Social Assistance Law

作　　者：金昱茜 JIN Yu-xi(Hunan University Law School,Changsha 410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2022年第3期144-155,共12页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2020年度司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“‘三个一体建设’背景下社会救助法主体责任配置研究”(项目编号:20SFB3018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：兜底保障是我国社会救助法律制度的整体性功能之一,本质是国家和公民在个人生活保障上的责任分配。2014年《社会救助暂行办法》确立的社会救助制度框架,是对新中国成立以来社会救助兜底功能实现路径的间接反映,但存在着救助项目规则嵌套、个人责任判定标准不明等问题。2020年发布的《社会救助法(草案征求意见稿)》对社会救助规则体系进行了调整改进,明确将“兜底线”确定为社会救助法的基本原则。为落实该原则要求,充分实现社会救助制度兜底功能,有必要从国家与个人责任分配的角度阐明兜底功能的规范意涵,进一步明确公民个体的权利主体地位,合理划分救助类型,填补现有制度在保障措施衔接、公民救助需要判定以及国家追偿权等方面的规范缺失。Building a safety net is one of the integral functions of the legal system of social assistance in our country,and its essence is the distribution of responsibilities between the state and citizens in personal life security.The social assistance system framework established by the “Interim Measures for Social Assistance” in 2014 is an indirect reflection of the realization of the safety net function of social assistance since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.The “Social Assistance Law(Draft for Comment)” released in 2020 adjusted and improved the social assistance rule system,and clearly identified “building safety net”as the basic principle at the normative level.In order to implement the requirements of this principle and fully realize the safety net function of the social assistance system,it is necessary to clarify the normative meaning of the safety net function from the perspective of the distribution of responsibilities between the state and individuals,further clarify the right subject status of individual citizens,reasonably divide the types of assistance,and fill gaps of norms in the existing system in terms of connection of safeguard measures,the determination of citizens’ necessity for assistance,and the state’s right of claiming compensation.

关 键 词：社会救助法 兜底功能 国家责任 个人责任 行政给付 

分 类 号：D922.182.3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]