不同生育阶段水/沼液一体化灌溉对番茄生长及产量和品质的影响  

The Effects of Irrigation with Diluted Biogas Slurry on Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato

作　　者：郑健[1,2,3] 朱传远 齐兴贇 魏佳芳 杨少鸿 孙强 ZHENG Jian;ZHU Chuanyuan;QI Xingyun;WEI Jiafang;YANG Shaohong;SUN Qiang(College of Energy&Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of the System Biomass Energy and Solar Energy Complementary Energy System,Lanzhou 730050,China;Western energy and Environment Research Center,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [2]甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,兰州730050 [3]西北低碳城镇支撑技术协同创新中心,兰州730050

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第5期64-71,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51969012);杨凌示范区产学研用协同创新重大项目计划项目(2018CXY-14);兰州理工大学红柳一流学科建设计划项目(0807J1);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑引导项目(2019C-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究在番茄不同生育阶段施加沼液对其产生的影响,优化西北地区温室番茄水/沼液一体化灌溉模式。【方法】采用沼液浓度1∶4的溶液(沼液∶水,体积比)分别在番茄的苗期(P1处理)、开花作果期(P2处理)、果实膨大期(P3处理)和果实成熟期(P4处理)施用,并设置了不施用沼液的对照(CK),共5个处理,并在番茄不同生育阶段中测定了相关的生长生理及果实营养品质指标,分析番茄植株生长和糖分积累动态过程及产量品质在不同生育时期对水肥的响应。【结果】不同沼液处理均能促进番茄的生长以及干物质、产量和品质的形成;P2处理最有利于番茄叶面积的生长,P3处理次之,分别较CK增加了48.32%和36.89%;P3处理更有利于果实干物质积累,较CK增加了47.18%;可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比和硬度以P3处理最优,维生素C和可溶性固形物以P2处理最优。【结论】基于TOPSIS法的综合效益评价结果表明番茄的果实膨大期为产量品质形成的关键阶段,应当适度增加水肥的投入;果实成熟期的番茄对水肥的响应不明显,P4处理(1∶4,沼液∶水,体积比)水肥调控,可获得最适宜番茄吸收利用的水肥灌溉方案。【Objective】Irrigation is an environment-friendly way to treat liquid wastes of biogas digesters,but how to reduce its detrimental impact on soils and improve the use of its nutrients is critical to its sustainable application in agricultural production.The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of irrigation with diluted biogas slurry on growth,yield and fruit quality of tomato.【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse.Biogas slurry was diluted by freshwater at volumetric ratio of 1/4;it was then used to irrigate the crop at one of the following growth stages:seedling stage(P1),blooming and fruiting stage(P2),fruit expansion stage(P3) and fruit ripening stage(P4).Irrigation with freshwater was taken as the control(CK).For each treatment,we measured the growth physiology,nutritional quality of the fruits,as well as sugar accumulation.【Result】Irrigation with the diluted biogas slurry promoted growth,dry matter accumulation,yield and fruit quality of the tomato.Compared to P0,P2 and P3increased the leaf area index by 48.32% and 36.89%,respectively,P3 accumulated more than 47.18% of the dry fruit-biomass.In addition,P3 also increased soluble sugar,titratable acid,sugar-to-acid ratio in the fruit,as well as fruit hardness most;and P2 improved vitamin C and soluble solids most significantly,compared to P0.Comprehensive benefit evaluation shows that fruit expansion was the key period for yield formation and fruit quality,keeping soil water and nutrients sufficient in which is hence essential.During the fruit ripening stage,the crop did not respond to irrigation and fertilization as noticeably as it did in other growing stages.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation for greenhouse tomato is to dilute the biogas slurry with freshwater at 1∶4 volumetric ratio,and irrigate the crop at the fruit ripening stage.

关 键 词：番茄 沼液 生育阶段 层次分析法 熵权法 TOPSIS 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]