铁路落下孔车横向止挡载荷监测技术与安全评估  

Monitoring technology and safety assessment of lateral stop load of railway well-hole car

作　　者：李国飞 周伟[1] 韩天虎 高尊军 张港丽 张强 LI Guofei;ZHOU Wei;HAN Tianhu;GAO Zunjun;ZHANG Gangli;ZHANG Qiang(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Safety,Ministry of Education,Changsha 410075,China;China Special Article Logistics Company Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,教育部轨道交通安全重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中特物流有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第5期1442-1449,共8页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ4118)。

摘　　要：铁路超限运输线路条件复杂、货物载重大、安全风险高,针对货车在行经曲线线路时的横向动载荷安全问题,开展落下孔车横向止挡载荷监测技术与安全评估研究。通过在钢挡与木挡间增设载荷感知元、传力螺杆与预压螺母,研发预压力可调的货车钢木止挡横向载荷监测装置。建立曲线通过的货车侧向受力理论模型,结合列车运行速度、线路曲线半径与超高等参数,对横止挡载荷大值点及出现位置进行理论分析与试验验证。构建货物横向稳定性理论计算模型,考虑横向惯性力、摩擦力、风力对止挡结构的横向载荷进行安全评估,提出由线路参数、限速条件为输入的货车横向止挡载荷预测模型。研究结果表明:超限专列运输全程的最大横向载荷监测值为66.1 kN,低于理论安全载荷162.1 kN,满足安全指标。经理论分析,由于曲线通过时列车限速导致离心力偏小,横向载荷均出现在内轨侧止挡结构,与线路实测结果相吻合。建立的钢木挡横向动载预测模型可为后续超限专列的横向止挡结构设计、强度校核与安全评估提供科学依据。Complex line conditions,over-load and high safety risk are the main challenges of railway oversize freight transport.To treat with safety issues on large lateral dynamic loads on well-hole car when running on line curves,lateral stop load monitoring technology and safety evaluation of well-hole car were investigated.First,a lateral load monitoring device for steel-wood stop by setting load recognition unit,load-transmission screw and pre-compressed nut between wood stop and steel stop was developed.Second,assisted with the lateral mechanical model on curve passing,large load values and their locations are theoretically analyzed and verified according to line curve radius,super-elevation and running speed,etc.Finally,safety evaluation of the lateral stop load was performed via theoretical calculation of lateral cargo stability in over-limit transport,taking account into the lateral inertia force,friction force and wind force.The lateral stop load prediction model was proposed by the input from line parameters and speed limit.Research results are as follows.The maximum detection of the lateral load in vehicle test is 66.1 kN,lower than the safety limit of 162.1 kN,which meets the safety index.The dynamic load state proves that the lateral stop force occur at the inner side of line curve because of the small centrifugal force,which is consistent with the measurement.The presented lateral stop load prediction model can offer scientific evidence for structural design,strength check and safety evaluation of lateral stop in future railway freight transport.

关 键 词：落下孔车 超限运输 横向止挡 横向载荷 安全评估 

分 类 号：U272.6[机械工程—车辆工程]