法国重大科技基础设施体系概况和建设模式及其启示  

Overview and Construction Mode of Major Scientific and Technological Infrastructure in France and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：陈晓怡 李宏 茹志涛 Chen Xiaoyi;Li Hong;Ru Zhitao(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Institute of Strategy Research for Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area,Guangzhou 510070,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]粤港澳大湾区战略研究院,广东广州510070 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院国际合作局,北京100864

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2022年第9期22-30,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院院长青年基金项目“支持重大科技基础设施决策的影响要素研究”(Y9X1751Q01)。

摘　　要：从整体布局、管理机制、建设模式等角度,基于法国官方披露路线图、审计报告等,分析法国重大科技基础设施建设布局特点与近20年发展趋势。研究得出:(1)法国设施学科范围持续扩大、跨领域特征明显,能源转型、数据管理和生物健康逐渐成为关注焦点;(2)大型设施数量保持稳定,以材料、核物理和天体物理为主,设施类型从单体式向分布式、虚拟式转变;(3)以核心国立科研机构为管理机构、根据设施性质采取多元管理的模式行之有效;(4)重大科技基础设施的集群化建设符合国家科技创新与产业发展的规律,集群效应在长时间周期不断凸显。基于此,提出建设和管理我国重大科技基础设施的建议,如国家统筹布局、总体规划,提高设施使用效能,拓展管理模式,提高管理灵活性等。From the overall arrangement,management mechanism and construction mode,based on the Road map of major scientific and technological infrastructures,audit report and other data disclosed by the French government,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the distribution of major scientific and technological infrastructures construction in France and the development trend in the past 20 years.The conclusion are as follows:(1)The discipline scope of the facilities continues to expand,and the cross-cutting characteristics are obvious.The energy transformation,big data management and medical health gradually become the focus.(2)The number of major scientific and technological infrastructures remains stable,focusing on materials,nuclear physics and astrophysics,and the type of facilities transforms from single-sited to distributed and virtual.(3)the way of taking governmental research organization as the main operator and adopting a multi-management model according to the nature of the facilities is effective.(4)The clusters construction of major scientific and technological infrastructures conforms to the law of national scientific and technological innovation and industrial development,and the cluster effect is constantly highlighted in a long period.On this basis,some suggestions for the construction and management of major scientific and technological infrastructure are put forward,such as the overall layout and overall planning of the state,improving the efficiency of facilities,expanding the management model,and improving the management flexibility.

关 键 词：重大科技基础设施 研究基础设施路线图 格勒诺布尔 科技创新中心 法国 

分 类 号：G323[文化科学] G301