表极量否定的比较构式“X连Y都不如”  

A Comparative Construction of Maximum Negation

作　　者：胡颖 Hu Ying(College of Humanities, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期103-107,112,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：上海师范大学研究生拔尖人才学术能力提升工程“特殊比较结构‘一M+X+一M’研究”(AC9103-21-368012267)。

摘　　要：“X连Y都不如”是现代汉语中使用频率较高的一种表极性否定的特殊比较构式,与表示隐含比较的“连”字句相比,构式“X连Y都不如”是比较项都出现的显性比较。“X连Y都不如”的构式义是指“X”与某一量级序列中的极小量“Y”相比,在性质、程度或者状态方面仍然比不过,表示事物在某方面极差。具有贬抑性、反预期、高程度三种语义特征,认知联想、量级序列、语义预设和比较逆反是构式义形成的语义基础,构式义产生的机制是类推。“X Lian(连)Y Dou(都)Buru(不如)(X is not as good as Y)”is a special comparative construction of maximum negation,which is frequently used in modern Chinese.Compared with the“Lian”sentence expressing implicit comparison,the construction“X Lian(连)Y Dou(都)Buru(不如)”is an explicit comparison of comparative items.It means that“X”is still better in nature,degree or state than the very small quantity“Y”in a certain order of magnitude sequence,indicating that things are very poor in some way.It has three semantic characteristics:derogatory,anti-expectation and high degree.Cognitive association,magnitude sequence,semantic presupposition and comparative inversion are the semantic basis for the formation of constructive meaning.The mechanism of construction meaning is analogy.

关 键 词：“X连Y都不如” 极量否定 语义特征 语义基础 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]