基于信息-动机-行为技能模型的健康教育在老年肺结节患者健康管理中的应用观察  

Application of health education based on information-motivation-behavior skills model in health management of elderly patients with pulmonary nodules

作　　者：杨小琴[1] 郭铃艳 许茗[1] Yang Xiaoqin;Guo Lingyan;Xu Ming(Department of Thoracic Surgery,Pulmonary Hospital of Shanghai City,Shanghai,200433,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海市肺科医院胸外科,上海200433

出　　处：《老年医学与保健》2022年第2期420-423,430,共5页Geriatrics & Health Care

基　　金：上海市肺科医院2019年院级课题(HL1905)。

摘　　要：目的探讨基于信息-动机-行为技能模型的健康教育在老年肺结节患者健康管理中的应用效果,为老年肺结节患者的健康管理提供方法。方法选取2019年1月1日—2020年1月1日在上海市肺科医院进行体检,且根据低剂量螺旋胸部CT扫描为肺部小结节老年患者130例,按数字表法随机分为观察组(n=65)和对照组(n=65)。对照组采取常规健康教育法,观察组采取基于IMB模型指导下的健康教育。统计并比较2组患者干预前和干预24周后的健康知识评分、健康行为评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及随访完成度。结果干预24周后,2组健康知识评分和健康行为评分均明显高于同组干预前(P<0.05),且观察组健康知识评分和健康行为评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2组SAS和SDS评分均明显低于同组干预前(P<0.05),且观察组SAS和SDS评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组坚持随访率明显高于对照组(64.6%vs 32.3%,P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模型的健康教育可有效提高老年肺结节患者的健康知识,改善患者的健康行为,缓解患者的焦虑和抑郁程度,提高患者的坚持随访率,可为老年肺结节患者的健康管理提供有效的方法。Objective To explore the application effect of health education based on the information-motivationbehavior(IMB)skills model in the health management of elderly patients with pulmonary nodules,and to provide methods for the health management of elderly patients with pulmonary nodules.Methods A total of 130 elderly patients who underwent physical examination and were diagnosed as small pulmonary nodules by low-dose spiral chest CT scan in Pulmonary Hospital of Shanghai City from January 1,2019 to January 1,2020 were selected and randomly divided into observation group(n=65)and control group(n=65)according to the number table method.The control group received routine health education,and the observation group received the health education based on IMB model.The scores of health knowledge,health behavior,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and follow-up completion rate were compared between the two groups before and after 24 weeks of intervention.Results After 24 weeks of intervention,the scores of health knowledge and behavior in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the same group before intervention(P<0.05),and the scores of health knowledge and behavior in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);the scores of SAS and SDS in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the same group before intervention(P<0.05),and the scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The follow-up rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(64.6%vs 32.3%,P<0.05).Conclusion Health education based on IMB model can effectively improve the health knowledge of elderly patients with pulmonary nodules,improve their health behavior,alleviate their anxiety and depression,and improve their adherence to follow-up.It provide an effective method for the health management of elderly patients with pulmonary nodules.

关 键 词：老年 肺结节 信息-动机-行为技能模型 健康教育 全程管理周期 焦虑 抑郁 

分 类 号：R563[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R193[医药卫生—内科学]