马克思保护关税和自由贸易演说中的无产阶级革命思想  

Marx's Proletarian Revolutionary Ideas in His speeches on Protecting Tariffs and Free Trade

作　　者：王荣江 李芮 Wang Rong-jiang;Li Rui

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《淮阴师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期217-225,243,323,共11页Journal of Huaiyin Teachers College(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金项目“‘两个伟大革命论’的理论逻辑与实践进路研究”(20BKS045)。

摘　　要：1847年9月至1848年1月,马克思先后发表了《保护关税派、自由贸易派和工人阶级》和《关于自由贸易的演说》两篇演说。这一时期是马克思无产阶级革命思想形成和发展的重要时期。在两篇演说中,马克思从无产阶级的视角阐发了:(1)无论是采取保护关税(德国)还是自由贸易(英国)制度,其实质都是资本家对劳动工人的剥削和压迫并造成了劳动工人的极度贫困;(2)随之而来的是无产阶级的壮大、觉醒、斗争以及无产阶级革命的必然性;(3)不管保护关税派和自由贸易派怎么声称其制度能给劳动者带来好处,但是,无论是从政治经济学的基本规律还是从雇佣劳动所得到的最低工资来分析,都显示了其论证和辩护的虚假性和虚伪性,都显示了资本主义制度在整体上对无产阶级剥削和压迫的本质特征。两篇演说为随后《共产党宣言》的发表打下了重要的理论和现实基础。From September 1847 to January 1848,Marx successively issued two speeches:Protecting Tariffs,Free Traders and The Working Class and Speeches on Free Trade.In two speech,Marx from the perspective of the proletariat exposition of:(1)whether to take protective tariffs(Germany)or free trade(UK)system,its essence is the capitalist exploitation and oppression of workers and its extreme poverty;(2)as the comes the grandness,awakening and struggle of the proletariat and the necessity of proletarian revolution;(3)although no matter how set protective duties or free trade to gloss over its system to the benefits of workers,however,no matter from the basic rule of political economics or from the hire labor to get the minimum wage to analysis,it shows their argumentation and defend the falsity and falsity,shows the capitalist system in the whole of the essence of exploitation and oppression of the proletariat.The two speeches laid an important theoretical and practical foundation for The Communist Manifesto published later.

关 键 词：保护关税 自由贸易 阶级对立 无产阶级贫困化 社会革命 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]