黄梁木多倍体离体诱导及其性状变异  

In Vitro Induction of Polyploid and Its Traits Variation of Neolamarckia cadamba

作　　者：张石虎 古敏 周玮 李春梅[1,2] 邹金拓 张俊杰 陈晓阳 欧阳昆唏[1,2] Zhang Shihu;Gu Min;Zhou Wei;Li Chunmei;Zou Jintuo;Zhang Junjie;Chen Xiaoyang;Ouyang Kunxi(Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm,Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,510642;State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,510642)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院广东省木本饲料工程技术研究中心广东省森林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第7期2372-2383,共12页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：广东省林业厅林业科技创新计划项目(2018KJCX001);广东省林业科技创新项目(2019KJCX001)共同资助广东省科技计划项目(2017B020201008)。

摘　　要：黄梁木(Neolamarckia cadamba)是一种具有可观的经济潜力的多用途树种,可用作木材、木本饲料和传统药物资源。考虑到倍性的增加通常会导致生物量、活性成分和营养成分含量增加,为获得具有更高经济价值的四倍体黄梁木新种质,选择黄梁木优树种子苗的下胚轴和子叶以秋水仙碱为诱导剂进行黄梁木多倍体诱导试验。诱导结果表明:下胚轴更适合黄梁木多倍体的体外诱导。最佳的诱导方法为:在黑暗条件下,将下胚轴置于含有300 mg/L秋水仙碱的液体愈伤组织诱导培养基中浸泡3 d,诱导率达23.37%;形态学比较表明,四倍体与二倍体相比具有更粗的茎、更厚更圆的叶、更大的叶面积和更深的叶色;细胞学比较表明,与二倍体相比,四倍体具有更低的气孔密度、更大的保卫细胞和更多的保卫细胞叶绿体数量;四倍体黄梁木叶片中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷含量也显著高于二倍体黄梁木叶片。上述结果表明,四倍体黄梁木具有更高的生物量且含有更丰富的营养物质。四倍体黄梁木的成功诱导为培育具有更高经济价值的黄梁木新品种提供了新方向。Neolamarckia cadamba is a multi-purpose tree species with considerable economic potential that is used as a timber wood,woody forage,and traditional medicine resource.Considering the fact that an increase in ploidy usually leads to an increase in biomass,active ingredients,and nutrient contents,to obtain new germplasms of N.cadamba tetraploid with higher economic value,the hypocotyls and cotyledons from seedlings of a superior tree were selected as induction materials with colchicine as the inducer.The results showed that the hypocotyls were more suitable for in vitro induction.The optimal treatment for inducing tetraploid in N.cadamba,with an induction rate as high as 23.37%,was soaking the hypocotyls in the callus induction medium supplemented with 300 mg/L colchicine for 3 days in the dark.A morphological comparison showed that the tetraploids had thicker stems,thicker and rounder leaves,larger leaf area,and darker leaf color than the diploids with significant level.Furthermore,a cytological comparison revealed that the tetraploids had lower stomatal density,larger guard cells,and higher number of chloroplasts in the guard cells than those of the diploids.The crude protein,fat,fiber,ash,calcium,and phosphorus contents in the leaves of N.cadamba tetraploid were significantly higher than those in leaves of the diploids.These results indicate that tetraploids can have larger biomass and higher nutrient contents.The successful induction of N.cadamba tetraploid points out a new direction for breeding novel varieties with higher economic value.

关 键 词：黄梁木(Neolamarckia cadamba) 秋水仙素 四倍体诱导 生物量 叶片营养含量 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]