客家话“K-neg-VP”正反问句的性质和形成机制  

On the Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of [K-neg-VP] Positive-negative Questions in Hakka

作　　者：付欣晴[1] Fu Xinqing

机构地区：[1]南昌大学人文学院,330031

出　　处：《汉语学报》2022年第2期112-120,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“地理语言学视域下的赣闽粤交界地带客家方言语法特征研究”(编号:17BYY069)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“K-neg-VP”正反问句主要见于赣粤交界地带的客家话,K的主要形式有“阿”“还”,由于“阿[a]”“还[xa]”常与否定词“唔[m]”合音为“暗[an]”“咸[xam]”,故该句式包括“阿-neg-VP”“还-neg-VP”和“暗VP”“咸VP”四种类型。本文通过考察汉语史的相关语料和山东方言“是不VP”正反问句的旁证,判断“K-neg-VP”与“可VP”没有类型学上的关系,而是源于中古问句“还VP不VP”的左肯定项删除,删除的动因与疑问句的句法要求以及“还”的语义有关。“K-neg-VP”positive-negative questions are mainly distributed in Hakka spoken in the border area between Jiangxi and Guangdong.Because[k]can be realized in“[a](阿)”and“[xa](还)”,and“[a](阿)”and“[xa](还)”always merge with the negator“[m](唔)”into“[an](暗)”and“[xam](咸)”,the question can also be“[a](阿)-neg-VP”,“[xa](还)-neg-VP”,“[an](暗)VP”and“[xam](咸)VP”.Based on the investigation into the relevant materials of Ancient Chinese and“shì(是)bù(不)VP”positive-negative questions in Shandong dialect,the paper holds that“K-neg-VP”is not typologically related to“kě(可)VP”,but originated from“hái(还)VP bù(不)VP”in middle ancient Chinese with the deletion of the positive element on the left.The deletion is related to the syntax of the question and the meaning of“hái(还)”.

关 键 词：客家话 “k-neg-VP”正反问句 形成机制 

分 类 号：H176[语言文字—汉语]