2005-2020年铜仁市乙型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Tongren from 2005 to 2020

作　　者：丁旭 任达飞 高前荣 宁乐婷 龙正锦 DING Xu;REN Da-fei;GAO Qian-rong;NING Le-ting;LONG Zheng-jin(不详;Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁市疾病预防控制中心,贵州铜仁554300 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,贵州贵阳550075

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第10期1892-1896,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解铜仁市实施免疫规划以来乙型病毒性肝炎的流行特征及趋势,为制定针对性措施消除乙肝危害提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集2005-2020年铜仁市乙肝报告病例,采用描述流行病学方法对乙肝的发病时间、地区、人群分布等特征进行分析。结果2005-2020年铜仁市共报告乙肝33302例,年均报告发病率为62.92/10万;其中急性、慢性、未分类乙肝年均发病率分别为3.17/10万、27.63/10万、32.13/10万。在报告病例中,0~14岁、15~29岁、30~44岁、45~59岁、≥60岁分别占4.67%、27.43%、29.97%、22.10%、15.82%,在急性乙肝中分别占8.66%、35.19%、28.26%、15.17%、12.72%,在慢性乙肝中分别占2.59%、23.05%、29.36%、25.99%、19.01%,在未分类乙肝中分别占5.98%、30.25%、30.63%、19.61%、13.53%。在急性、慢性、未分类乙肝中农民分别占54.60%、61.73%、62.66%。全市婴幼儿乙肝首针接种率、首针及时率、全程接种率分别从2005年的39.96%、12.11%、38.97%上升至2020年的99.6%、91.56%、91.25%。结论铜仁市在控制乙肝方面取得了显著成效,急性、未分类乙肝得到有效控制,现发病例以慢性乙肝为主,在继续做好儿童HepB常规免疫的同时,加强成人乙肝免疫预防。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of hepatitis B in Tongren since the implementation of immunization planning,and to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted measures to eliminate the harm of hepatitis B.Methods The reported cases of hepatitis B in Tongren from 2005 to 2020 were collected through the Chinese disease prevention and control information management system,and the characteristics of hepatitis B such as time of onset,region and population distribution were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 33302 cases of hepatitis B were reported in Tongren from 2005 to 2020,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 62.92/100000;among them,the average annual incidence rates of acute,chronic,and unclassified hepatitis B were 3.17/100000,27.63/100000,and 32.13/100000,respectively.Among the reported cases,4.67%,27.43%,29.97%,22.10%,and 15.82%were aged 0-14,15-29,30-44,45-59,and≥60 years old,respectively,accounting for 8.66%,35.19%,28.26%,15.17%,and 12.72%of the acute hepatitis B cases,respectively,and 2.59%,23.05%,29.36%,25.99%,19.01%in the chronic hepatitis B cases,respectively,and 5.98%,30.25%,30.63%,19.61%,13.53%in unclassified hepatitis B,respectively.Farmers accounted for 54.60%,61.73%and 62.66%of acute,chronic and unclassified hepatitis B,respectively.The first vaccination rate,timely first vaccination rate,and full vaccination rate of hepatitis B in the city’s 0-15 years old population increased from 39.96%,12.11%,and 38.97%in 2005 to 99.6%,91.56%,and 91.25%in 2020,respectively.Conclusion Tongren has achieved remarkable results in controlling hepatitis B.Acute and unclassified hepatitis B has been effectively controlled,and the current cases are mainly chronic hepatitis B.While continuing to do a good job in routine immunization of children with HepB,we should strengthen immunization prevention of adults with hepatitis B.

关 键 词：乙型病毒性肝炎 流行特征 乙型肝炎疫苗 免疫规划 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]