2015—2020年武汉市国家血吸虫病监测点疫情分析  

Analysis on the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance sites of Wuhan from 2015 to 2020

作　　者：左玉婷 罗华堂[1] 王浩[1] 王帅 李洋[1] 熊月琳 张佳京 周水茂[1] 徐明星[1] ZUO Yu-ting;LUO Hua-tang;WANG Hao;WANG Shuai;LI Yang;XIONG Yue-ling;ZHOU Shui-mao;XU Ming-xing(不详;Wuhan Center for Diseases Prevention and Control,Wuhan,Hubei 430015,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省武汉市疾病预防控制中心血吸虫病防治所,湖北武汉430015 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心现场流行病学培训项目,北京102206

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第10期1902-1905,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖北省卫健委联合项目(WJ2019H399);武汉市卫健委青年项目(WG19Q02)。

摘　　要：目的分析2015—2020年武汉市国家血吸虫病监测点疫情动态,为血吸虫病监测工作的循证决策提供依据。方法在武汉市设立12个国家血吸虫病监测点,对人群病情、家畜感染和钉螺控制等情况开展监测和分析。结果2015—2020年,监测点本地人群累计开展血吸虫血清学筛查35427人,阳性414例,血检阳性率由2.161%降至0.778%,其逐年下降趋势有统计学意义(趋势χ^(2)=56.722,P<0.001);男性,40岁以上,职业为农民、工人、民工、离退人员血检阳性率较高。2015年发现2例粪检阳性病例为农民,人群血吸虫校正感染率为0.04%。流动人群血吸虫血检阳性率由1.042%降至0.039%;2020年检出1例外省输入性粪检阳性病例。家畜累计检测414头,未发现阳性。2015—2020年查出有螺面积由535.759 hm^(2)逐年降至111.323 hm^(2),2015—2019年监测点有螺框出现率由2.330%降至1.566%,活螺平均密度由0.053只/框逐年降至0.023只/框,但2020年回升至2.617%和0.063只/框,压碎镜检法未发现感染性钉螺;LAMP法累计检测钉螺混合样本475份,仅2018年检出阳性样本1份。结论武汉市血吸虫病疫情近年呈低度流行且持续下降,但仍存在高危人群血防意识薄弱、钉螺孳生环境未彻底改变等潜在风险,未来需持续加强风险监测、健康教育、钉螺控制等措施,防止疫情反弹。Objective To analyze the epidemic dynamics of national schistosomiasis monitoring sites in Wuhan from 2015 to 2020,and to provide evidence-based for decision-making of schistosomiasis surveillance.Methods In total 12 national schistosomiasis monitoring sites were set up in Wuhan,and the epidemic situation of population,livestock,snails and wild feces were monitored and analyzed.Results From 2015 to 2020,a total of 35427 people were screened for schistosomiasis serology in the local population at the surveillance sites,with 414 positive cases,and the positive blood test rate decreased from 2.161%to 0.778%,with a statistically significant decreasing trend year by year(trendχ^(2)=56.722,P<0.001).Males,aged 40 years or older,farmers,workers,migrant worker and retired people had higher positive rate of blood test.Two farmers were tested positive based on fecal test in 2015,and the corrected infection rate of schistosoma in the population was 0.04%.The positive blood test rate of schistosomes in the mobile population decreased from 1.042%to 0.039%.One imported positive case from fecal test was detected in 2020.From 2015 to 2020,the area with snails detected decreased from 535.759 hm^(2)to 111.323 hm^(2)year by year.From 2015 to 2019,the presence rate of snail frames at monitoring sites decreased from 2.330%to 1.566%,and the average density of live snails decreased from 0.053 to 0.023 snails/frame year by year,but rebounded to 2.617%and 0.063 snails/frame in 2020,and no infective snails were found by crush microscopy method.Totally 475 mixed samples of snails were detected by LAMP method,and only one positive sample was detected in 2018.Conclusion The schistosomiasis epidemic in Wuhan has been low prevalent in recent years and continues to decline,but there are still potential risks such as weak awareness of blood prevention among high-risk groups and the nail snail breeding environment has not been completely changed,and future measures such as risk monitoring,health education,and nail snail control need to be continu

关 键 词：血吸虫病 国家监测点 武汉市 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]